UTA NURS 5461 QUIZ 2 (FINAL) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION
COVERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Diagnosing SIADH - CORRECT ANSWERS Symptoms of hyponatremia occur when
plasma osmolality falls to <240 mOsm/kg, regardless of cause •Rate of decrease is as important
as is amount of decrease •Mental changes- altered personality, lethargy, confusion
SIADH Increased s/s - CORRECT ANSWERS As plasma Na+ falls to <115 mEq/L, stupor,
neuromuscular hyperexcitability, convulsions, prolonged coma, cerebral edema and death can
occur
SIADH Pronosis - CORRECT ANSWERS Mortality is significantly greater in acute
hyponatremia than in chronic hyponatremia
Treatment of Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS Treatment of mild asymptomatic
hyponatremia [Na+ >120 mEq/L]- stop the diuretic and replace Na+ and K+ as needed
•Simultaneous Na+, K+ and hypotension suggests adrenal insufficiency, and may require IV
hydrocortisone
- Water restriction
ACE inhibitor and loop diuretic is sufficient to correct refractory hyponatremia in patients with
CHF
• If SIADH is present, severe H2O restriction is needed [25-50% of maintenance is needed]
• Patients with severe asymptomatic Na+ usually respond to stringent H2O restriction alone,
but others may require administration of hypertonic 3% saline (use w/ caution
Disorders of Calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypocalcemia •Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS Decrease in serum Calcium <8.8 mg/dL in the
presence of normal serum proteins
Hypocalcemia risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypo parathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
, UTA NURS 5461 QUIZ 2 (FINAL) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION
COVERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Renal failure
Increased bone formation with inadequate Calcium intake
Drugs Pseudohypo parathyroidism
Renal tubular disease
Low serum proteins
Elevated phosphorus
Phenytoin Phenobarbital Rifampin Radiocontrast agents [that contain ethylene
diaminetetraacetate]
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS Related to disturbance in
cellular membrane potentials
• Neuromuscular irritability- muscle cramps of back and legs
• If prolonged, papilledema +/- cataracts
• Severe hypocalcemia [<7 mg/dL], can cause tetany, laryngospasm or generalized seizure
Hypocalcemia s/s Sign of Tetany (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS Signs of tetany-Chvostek's
sign- involuntary twitching of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped [anterior to external
auditory meatus]
-Trousseau's sign- carpopedal spasm by decreasing blood supply to hand [apply BP cuff to
forearm and inflate to 20 mm Hg above patient's systolic BP and hold for 3 minutes]
Hypocalcemia cardiac s/s - CORRECT ANSWERS Dysrhythmias or heart block can occur
if hypocalcemia is severe; prolonged QT and ST intervals; T waves peak or inversion
Hypocalcemia S/S (other) - CORRECT ANSWERS Other signs and symptoms- dry scaly
skin, brittle nails, coarse hair, Candida infections
CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION
COVERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Diagnosing SIADH - CORRECT ANSWERS Symptoms of hyponatremia occur when
plasma osmolality falls to <240 mOsm/kg, regardless of cause •Rate of decrease is as important
as is amount of decrease •Mental changes- altered personality, lethargy, confusion
SIADH Increased s/s - CORRECT ANSWERS As plasma Na+ falls to <115 mEq/L, stupor,
neuromuscular hyperexcitability, convulsions, prolonged coma, cerebral edema and death can
occur
SIADH Pronosis - CORRECT ANSWERS Mortality is significantly greater in acute
hyponatremia than in chronic hyponatremia
Treatment of Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS Treatment of mild asymptomatic
hyponatremia [Na+ >120 mEq/L]- stop the diuretic and replace Na+ and K+ as needed
•Simultaneous Na+, K+ and hypotension suggests adrenal insufficiency, and may require IV
hydrocortisone
- Water restriction
ACE inhibitor and loop diuretic is sufficient to correct refractory hyponatremia in patients with
CHF
• If SIADH is present, severe H2O restriction is needed [25-50% of maintenance is needed]
• Patients with severe asymptomatic Na+ usually respond to stringent H2O restriction alone,
but others may require administration of hypertonic 3% saline (use w/ caution
Disorders of Calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypocalcemia •Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS Decrease in serum Calcium <8.8 mg/dL in the
presence of normal serum proteins
Hypocalcemia risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypo parathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
, UTA NURS 5461 QUIZ 2 (FINAL) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION
COVERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Renal failure
Increased bone formation with inadequate Calcium intake
Drugs Pseudohypo parathyroidism
Renal tubular disease
Low serum proteins
Elevated phosphorus
Phenytoin Phenobarbital Rifampin Radiocontrast agents [that contain ethylene
diaminetetraacetate]
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS Related to disturbance in
cellular membrane potentials
• Neuromuscular irritability- muscle cramps of back and legs
• If prolonged, papilledema +/- cataracts
• Severe hypocalcemia [<7 mg/dL], can cause tetany, laryngospasm or generalized seizure
Hypocalcemia s/s Sign of Tetany (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS Signs of tetany-Chvostek's
sign- involuntary twitching of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped [anterior to external
auditory meatus]
-Trousseau's sign- carpopedal spasm by decreasing blood supply to hand [apply BP cuff to
forearm and inflate to 20 mm Hg above patient's systolic BP and hold for 3 minutes]
Hypocalcemia cardiac s/s - CORRECT ANSWERS Dysrhythmias or heart block can occur
if hypocalcemia is severe; prolonged QT and ST intervals; T waves peak or inversion
Hypocalcemia S/S (other) - CORRECT ANSWERS Other signs and symptoms- dry scaly
skin, brittle nails, coarse hair, Candida infections
