FEDERALISM & JUDICIAL REVIEW – FINAL NOTES (PDF Style)
3. Federalism
Federalism ek aisi political व्यवस्था है jisme powers Central aur State governments ke beech
divide ki jati hain. Dono levels ki government apne-apne areas me independent hoti hain.
India ka federal structure unique hai, jise “Union of States” kaha jata hai. Constitution ke
Seventh Schedule me powers ko Union List, State List aur Concurrent List me divide kiya
gaya hai.
India me federalism ka nature cooperative hai, jisme Centre aur States dono milkar national
interests ko protect karte hain. Federalism unity ke saath diversity ko respect karta hai aur
regional needs ko balance karta hai. Judiciary federal disputes ko solve karne me important
role nibhati hai. Federalism India ke democratic, cultural aur political system ko stable
banata hai.
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4. Judicial Review
Judicial Review judiciary ki wo power hai jisme Supreme Court aur High Courts kisi bhi law,
order ya government action ko unconstitutional declare kar sakte hain. Ye power citizens ke
Fundamental Rights ki raksha ke liye bahut important hai.
Judicial Review ka base Constitution ke Articles 13, 32, 136, 226 etc. me diya gaya hai.
Court ensure karti hai ki government ki activities Constitution ke against na ho. Important
cases jaise Kesavananda Bharati ne judicial review ko aur strong kiya.
Judicial Review democracy me checks and balances provide karta hai, Constitution ki
supremacy ko maintain rakhta hai, aur government ko accountable banata hai. Ye principle
Indian democracy ka backbone mana jata hai.
3. Federalism
Federalism ek aisi political व्यवस्था है jisme powers Central aur State governments ke beech
divide ki jati hain. Dono levels ki government apne-apne areas me independent hoti hain.
India ka federal structure unique hai, jise “Union of States” kaha jata hai. Constitution ke
Seventh Schedule me powers ko Union List, State List aur Concurrent List me divide kiya
gaya hai.
India me federalism ka nature cooperative hai, jisme Centre aur States dono milkar national
interests ko protect karte hain. Federalism unity ke saath diversity ko respect karta hai aur
regional needs ko balance karta hai. Judiciary federal disputes ko solve karne me important
role nibhati hai. Federalism India ke democratic, cultural aur political system ko stable
banata hai.
---
4. Judicial Review
Judicial Review judiciary ki wo power hai jisme Supreme Court aur High Courts kisi bhi law,
order ya government action ko unconstitutional declare kar sakte hain. Ye power citizens ke
Fundamental Rights ki raksha ke liye bahut important hai.
Judicial Review ka base Constitution ke Articles 13, 32, 136, 226 etc. me diya gaya hai.
Court ensure karti hai ki government ki activities Constitution ke against na ho. Important
cases jaise Kesavananda Bharati ne judicial review ko aur strong kiya.
Judicial Review democracy me checks and balances provide karta hai, Constitution ki
supremacy ko maintain rakhta hai, aur government ko accountable banata hai. Ye principle
Indian democracy ka backbone mana jata hai.
