CITP exam 5 UPDATED Study Guide
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
High explosive - CORRECT ANSWERS an explosive which normally
requires a blasting cap or detonator for initiation and once initiated produces a
supersonic detonation with a shattering or brisant effect
(C4, Semtex, TNT, PETN)
Low explosive - CORRECT ANSWERS an explosive, which when
unconfined, responds to initiation by deflagration or burning and produces a
pushing effect (MUST BE CONFINED TO DETONATE)
(legal fireworks, black powder, smokeless powder)
Thermal effect - CORRECT ANSWERS seen as a bright light or fireball
at the moment of detonation (high explosive- higher temp for shorter duration,
low explosive- lower temp but longer duration)
*LEAST DAMAGING EFFECT*
Blast Pressure Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS includes positive and
negative phases of the incident blast wave
*MOST POWERFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT*
Negative phase - CORRECT ANSWERS a vacuum is created near the
epicenter due to the outward movement of air, 3x longer than positive phase but
less intensity
,Confined or Reflected blast - CORRECT ANSWERS - can amplify
impact up to 13x
- perpendicular surfaces have maximum reflected pressure
- parallel surfaces have minimum reflected pressure
(blast waves also enhanced or focused by confinement such as a tunnel,
corridor, trench, or city street)
Physiological effects of a blast - CORRECT ANSWERS Primary blast
injuries- direct effects of the blast pressure
Secondary blast injuries- caused by propelled fragmentation or debris *most
common cause of death* (broken glass causes 75% of injuries)
Tertiary Blast injuries- body is propelled by blast wave and impacts the ground
Quaternary injuries- other injuries such as crush injuries or burns
Fragmentation Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS -rupture of case and
propelling of broken pieces
- includes primary and secondary frag- both are just as lethal
*DEADLIEST EFFECT*
components of an IED - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Power source (ex:
battery)
2. Initiator (either an igniter or detonator- blasting cap, christmas tree lights etc.
)
, 3. Explosive (low explosive needs confinement)
4. Switch
What is the most frequent method of initiation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
simple fuse, pipe bomb
Common explosives - CORRECT ANSWERS - Black Powder (most
sensitive and susceptible to heat, shock, friction etc.)
- Pyrodex
- Smokeless powder
Types of high explosives - CORRECT ANSWERS primary- extremely
sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, and will respond by detonating
(ex: blasting caps)
Secondary explosives- insensitive to heat shock, friction to prevent unintended
explosives (TNT, C4, Semtex)
Tertiary explosives- blasting agents; insensitive to shock, need an explosive
booster of secondary explosive
why should leos use extreme caution when handling homemade explosives? -
CORRECT ANSWERS - they may detonate due to handing or sudden
changes in temperature
- ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate are the bulk HMEs
Methods of IED initiation - CORRECT ANSWERS Time
Victim
Command
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
High explosive - CORRECT ANSWERS an explosive which normally
requires a blasting cap or detonator for initiation and once initiated produces a
supersonic detonation with a shattering or brisant effect
(C4, Semtex, TNT, PETN)
Low explosive - CORRECT ANSWERS an explosive, which when
unconfined, responds to initiation by deflagration or burning and produces a
pushing effect (MUST BE CONFINED TO DETONATE)
(legal fireworks, black powder, smokeless powder)
Thermal effect - CORRECT ANSWERS seen as a bright light or fireball
at the moment of detonation (high explosive- higher temp for shorter duration,
low explosive- lower temp but longer duration)
*LEAST DAMAGING EFFECT*
Blast Pressure Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS includes positive and
negative phases of the incident blast wave
*MOST POWERFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT*
Negative phase - CORRECT ANSWERS a vacuum is created near the
epicenter due to the outward movement of air, 3x longer than positive phase but
less intensity
,Confined or Reflected blast - CORRECT ANSWERS - can amplify
impact up to 13x
- perpendicular surfaces have maximum reflected pressure
- parallel surfaces have minimum reflected pressure
(blast waves also enhanced or focused by confinement such as a tunnel,
corridor, trench, or city street)
Physiological effects of a blast - CORRECT ANSWERS Primary blast
injuries- direct effects of the blast pressure
Secondary blast injuries- caused by propelled fragmentation or debris *most
common cause of death* (broken glass causes 75% of injuries)
Tertiary Blast injuries- body is propelled by blast wave and impacts the ground
Quaternary injuries- other injuries such as crush injuries or burns
Fragmentation Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS -rupture of case and
propelling of broken pieces
- includes primary and secondary frag- both are just as lethal
*DEADLIEST EFFECT*
components of an IED - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Power source (ex:
battery)
2. Initiator (either an igniter or detonator- blasting cap, christmas tree lights etc.
)
, 3. Explosive (low explosive needs confinement)
4. Switch
What is the most frequent method of initiation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
simple fuse, pipe bomb
Common explosives - CORRECT ANSWERS - Black Powder (most
sensitive and susceptible to heat, shock, friction etc.)
- Pyrodex
- Smokeless powder
Types of high explosives - CORRECT ANSWERS primary- extremely
sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, and will respond by detonating
(ex: blasting caps)
Secondary explosives- insensitive to heat shock, friction to prevent unintended
explosives (TNT, C4, Semtex)
Tertiary explosives- blasting agents; insensitive to shock, need an explosive
booster of secondary explosive
why should leos use extreme caution when handling homemade explosives? -
CORRECT ANSWERS - they may detonate due to handing or sudden
changes in temperature
- ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate are the bulk HMEs
Methods of IED initiation - CORRECT ANSWERS Time
Victim
Command
