Exam 1 review UPDATED Study Guide
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Absorbed dose - CORRECT ANSWERS the amount of energy absorbed
per unit mass (Gy)
Attenuation - CORRECT ANSWERS absorption and scatter (loss of
intensity/energy) of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient
Scatter radiation - CORRECT ANSWERS A form of secondary radiation
that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction
with matter
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS the process where X-rays are
absorbed by different tissues in the body, affecting the resulting image.
Transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS the process by which X-rays
pass through a material without being absorbed or significantly scattered
Exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS the amount of ionizing radiation that
may strike an object, such as the human body, when in the vicinity of a radiation
source.
Equivalent dose (EqD) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Accounts for the type
of radiation
- Used to express biological effect in a specific tissue
- Unit; mSv
Effective Dose (EfD) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Accounts for both the
type of radiation and the sensitivity of different organs/tissues to radiation.
,- Used to express total body risk (stochastic effects)
- Unit; mSv
NCRP - National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements -
CORRECT ANSWERS Organization that publishes radiation protection
guidelines for the U.S
Radiation monitoring report - CORRECT ANSWERS a formal
document that summarizes measurements of radiation exposure to personnel,
the environment, or equipment over a specific period — usually for radiation
protection and compliance purposes.
Protective apparel - CORRECT ANSWERS Shield against external
exposure, ensures compliance with ALARA
- lead apron, lead gloves, thyroid shield, lead goggles
Photoelectric interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS - interaction with
matter in which a photon strikes an inner shell electron, causing its ejection
from orbit with the complete absorption of the photon's energy
- creates a photoelectron and characteristic x-ray
Compton interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS incoming x-ray photon
interacts with outer shell electron and changes direction
- creates a compton electron and a scattered photon
Coherent scattering - CORRECT ANSWERS An interaction that occurs
with low energy x-rays, typically below the diagnostic range. The incoming
photon interacts with the atom, causing it to become excited. The x-ray does not
lose energy but changes direction.
, Weighting factor - CORRECT ANSWERS Accounts for the type and
quality of radiation, since not all radiation types cause the same biological
damage per unit of absorbed dose.
What are the SI and traditional units for both occupational and nonoccupational
dose limits? - CORRECT ANSWERS - SI units: Gray (Gy) for absorbed
dose, Sievert (Sv) for equivalent/effective dose.
- Occupational: 50 mSv
- Nonoccupational: frequent exposures - 1 mSv, infrequent exposures - 5 mSv
List the five major x-ray - tissue interaction and describe the three important
interactions in the diagnostic radiation energy limit. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Coherent interaction
Pair production
Photodisintegration
List the SI and traditional units for Effective dose - CORRECT ANSWERS
SI unit: Sievert (Sv)
Traditional unit: rem
OSL advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS Lightweight, durable, easy to
carry, not affected by heat, moisture, or pressure, can be reanalyzed if needed,
accuracy, can be worn longer periods of time.
OSL disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS - records dose only over
the body part worn
- if the facility has no in-house reader, exposure cannot be determined on day of
exposure
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Absorbed dose - CORRECT ANSWERS the amount of energy absorbed
per unit mass (Gy)
Attenuation - CORRECT ANSWERS absorption and scatter (loss of
intensity/energy) of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient
Scatter radiation - CORRECT ANSWERS A form of secondary radiation
that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction
with matter
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS the process where X-rays are
absorbed by different tissues in the body, affecting the resulting image.
Transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS the process by which X-rays
pass through a material without being absorbed or significantly scattered
Exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS the amount of ionizing radiation that
may strike an object, such as the human body, when in the vicinity of a radiation
source.
Equivalent dose (EqD) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Accounts for the type
of radiation
- Used to express biological effect in a specific tissue
- Unit; mSv
Effective Dose (EfD) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Accounts for both the
type of radiation and the sensitivity of different organs/tissues to radiation.
,- Used to express total body risk (stochastic effects)
- Unit; mSv
NCRP - National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements -
CORRECT ANSWERS Organization that publishes radiation protection
guidelines for the U.S
Radiation monitoring report - CORRECT ANSWERS a formal
document that summarizes measurements of radiation exposure to personnel,
the environment, or equipment over a specific period — usually for radiation
protection and compliance purposes.
Protective apparel - CORRECT ANSWERS Shield against external
exposure, ensures compliance with ALARA
- lead apron, lead gloves, thyroid shield, lead goggles
Photoelectric interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS - interaction with
matter in which a photon strikes an inner shell electron, causing its ejection
from orbit with the complete absorption of the photon's energy
- creates a photoelectron and characteristic x-ray
Compton interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS incoming x-ray photon
interacts with outer shell electron and changes direction
- creates a compton electron and a scattered photon
Coherent scattering - CORRECT ANSWERS An interaction that occurs
with low energy x-rays, typically below the diagnostic range. The incoming
photon interacts with the atom, causing it to become excited. The x-ray does not
lose energy but changes direction.
, Weighting factor - CORRECT ANSWERS Accounts for the type and
quality of radiation, since not all radiation types cause the same biological
damage per unit of absorbed dose.
What are the SI and traditional units for both occupational and nonoccupational
dose limits? - CORRECT ANSWERS - SI units: Gray (Gy) for absorbed
dose, Sievert (Sv) for equivalent/effective dose.
- Occupational: 50 mSv
- Nonoccupational: frequent exposures - 1 mSv, infrequent exposures - 5 mSv
List the five major x-ray - tissue interaction and describe the three important
interactions in the diagnostic radiation energy limit. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Coherent interaction
Pair production
Photodisintegration
List the SI and traditional units for Effective dose - CORRECT ANSWERS
SI unit: Sievert (Sv)
Traditional unit: rem
OSL advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS Lightweight, durable, easy to
carry, not affected by heat, moisture, or pressure, can be reanalyzed if needed,
accuracy, can be worn longer periods of time.
OSL disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS - records dose only over
the body part worn
- if the facility has no in-house reader, exposure cannot be determined on day of
exposure
