BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Each contains a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and one of found
nitrogen bases adenine(A), guanine(G), Cytosine(C), thymine(T)
Function is to store all the genetic information that an organism needs to
develop, function and reproduce
What is a purine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Adenine and Guanine
What is a pyrimidine? - CORRECT ANSWER -thymine and cytosine
What is the structure and function of RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
A single-stranded molecule that consists of nucleotides arranged in a
long chain
Contains a 4-carbon sugar called ribose, phosphate groups and 4
nitrogen-containing bases- Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C),
uracil(U)
Functions to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Carries
information coding for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes of
the cell
,What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Caries the
required amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein
synthesis. Helps to arrange the amino acids into the proper sequence for
the synthesis of proteins
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -RNA that
becomes part of ribosomes (the main component of ribosomes) and
catalyzes the bonding of amino acids
What is a prokaryotic cell and what is the structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER -No true nucleas as the DNA is coiled up in the region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleotide
Capsule: outer covering that protects the cell
Cell Wall: Outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it
shape
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance composed of mainly of water
Plasma Membrane: Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the
flow of substances in and out of the cell
Flagella: Long whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion
Ribosomes: Responsible for protein production
Plasmids: gene carrying
Nucleoid Region: area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial
DNA molecules
What is a eukaryotic cell and what is the structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER -An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surround by a
membrane whose DNA is bound together by proteins into chromosomes
Nucleus: Directs cell activities and contains genetic material
Mitochondria: Make energy out of food
,Ribosomes: make protein
Golgi apparatus: make, process and packages proteins
Lysosomes: Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports all sorts of items around the cell
Vacuole: Used for storage usually contain water or food
Plants have:
Chloroplast: Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis
Cell Wall: For support
What are the characteristics of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Lack differentiation: lose their specialization and do not contribute to the
functioning of a body part
- Have abnormal nuclei: enlarged and may contain abnormal;, duplicated
or deleted chromosomes
- Do not undergo apoptosis: do not respond to normal signals to initiate
apoptosis and they continue to divide
- Form tumors: have lost all restraint and they pile on top of one another
and grow in multiple layers forming a tumor
What is a malignant tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER -Invasive and
may spread to other places to form new tumors elsewhere
What is a benign tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER -Contained within a
capsule and cannot invade adjacent tissue
How does cancer develop? - CORRECT ANSWER -Develops when
the bodies normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die
and instead grow out of control forming new abnormal cells called
tumors
, What is the function of the epithelial tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
covers body surfaces and lines body cavities
What is the function of connective tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Binds and supports body parts
What is the function of muscular tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Moves the body and its parts
What is the function of nervous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses
Kingdom Archaebacteraia - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Archaea
Cell Type: prokaryotic, unicellular
Ex: methanogens, halophiles
Kingdom Eubacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Bacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryotic, unicellular
Ex: Bacteria
Kingdom Protista - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Eukarya
Cell Type: Eukaryotic, Multicellular
Ex: Green algae, slime molds
Kingdom Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Eukarya
Cell Type: Eukaryotic, multicellular
Ex: Mushrooms, yeast, mold
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Each contains a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and one of found
nitrogen bases adenine(A), guanine(G), Cytosine(C), thymine(T)
Function is to store all the genetic information that an organism needs to
develop, function and reproduce
What is a purine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Adenine and Guanine
What is a pyrimidine? - CORRECT ANSWER -thymine and cytosine
What is the structure and function of RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
A single-stranded molecule that consists of nucleotides arranged in a
long chain
Contains a 4-carbon sugar called ribose, phosphate groups and 4
nitrogen-containing bases- Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C),
uracil(U)
Functions to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Carries
information coding for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes of
the cell
,What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Caries the
required amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein
synthesis. Helps to arrange the amino acids into the proper sequence for
the synthesis of proteins
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -RNA that
becomes part of ribosomes (the main component of ribosomes) and
catalyzes the bonding of amino acids
What is a prokaryotic cell and what is the structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER -No true nucleas as the DNA is coiled up in the region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleotide
Capsule: outer covering that protects the cell
Cell Wall: Outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it
shape
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance composed of mainly of water
Plasma Membrane: Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the
flow of substances in and out of the cell
Flagella: Long whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion
Ribosomes: Responsible for protein production
Plasmids: gene carrying
Nucleoid Region: area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial
DNA molecules
What is a eukaryotic cell and what is the structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER -An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surround by a
membrane whose DNA is bound together by proteins into chromosomes
Nucleus: Directs cell activities and contains genetic material
Mitochondria: Make energy out of food
,Ribosomes: make protein
Golgi apparatus: make, process and packages proteins
Lysosomes: Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports all sorts of items around the cell
Vacuole: Used for storage usually contain water or food
Plants have:
Chloroplast: Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis
Cell Wall: For support
What are the characteristics of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Lack differentiation: lose their specialization and do not contribute to the
functioning of a body part
- Have abnormal nuclei: enlarged and may contain abnormal;, duplicated
or deleted chromosomes
- Do not undergo apoptosis: do not respond to normal signals to initiate
apoptosis and they continue to divide
- Form tumors: have lost all restraint and they pile on top of one another
and grow in multiple layers forming a tumor
What is a malignant tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER -Invasive and
may spread to other places to form new tumors elsewhere
What is a benign tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER -Contained within a
capsule and cannot invade adjacent tissue
How does cancer develop? - CORRECT ANSWER -Develops when
the bodies normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die
and instead grow out of control forming new abnormal cells called
tumors
, What is the function of the epithelial tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
covers body surfaces and lines body cavities
What is the function of connective tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Binds and supports body parts
What is the function of muscular tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Moves the body and its parts
What is the function of nervous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses
Kingdom Archaebacteraia - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Archaea
Cell Type: prokaryotic, unicellular
Ex: methanogens, halophiles
Kingdom Eubacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Bacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryotic, unicellular
Ex: Bacteria
Kingdom Protista - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Eukarya
Cell Type: Eukaryotic, Multicellular
Ex: Green algae, slime molds
Kingdom Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain: Eukarya
Cell Type: Eukaryotic, multicellular
Ex: Mushrooms, yeast, mold
