Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults / Edition 2 TESTBANK,100% CORRECT

The major impact of the physiological changes that occur with aging is: A. Reduced physiological reserve B. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms C. Impaired immunological response D. All of the above ____ 2. The strongest evidence regarding normal physiological aging is available through: A. Randomized controlled clinical trials B. Cross-sectional studies C. Longitudinal studies D. Case-control studies ____ 3. All of the following statements are true about laboratory values in older adults except: A. Reference ranges are preferable B. Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging C. Normal ranges may not be applicable for older adults D. Reference values are not necessarily acceptable values ____ 4. Biochemical individuality is best described as: A. Each individual’s variation is often much greater than that of a larger group B. The unique biochemical profile of a selected population C. The truly “normal” individual—falling within average range D. Each individual’s variation is often much smaller than that of a larger group ____ 5. Polypharmacy is best described as taking: A. More than nine medications per day B. More than five medications per day C. Even a single medication if there is not a clear indication for its use D. When a drug is given to treat the side effect of another drug ____ 6. Pharmacokinetic changes with aging are reflective of: A. What the drug does to the body B. What the body does to the drug C. The effect at the site of action and the time and intensity of the drug D. D. The side effects commonly associated with the drug ____ 7. All the following statements are false about drug absorption except: A. Antacids increase the bioavailability of digitalis B. Gastric acidity decreases with age C. Anticholinergics increase colonic motility D. Underlying chronic disease has little impact on drug absorption ____ 8. All of the following statements are true about drug distribution in the elderly except: A. Drugs distributed in water have lower concentration B. Drugs distributed in fat have less intense, more prolonged effect C. Drugs highly protein bound have greater potential to cause an adverse drug reaction D. The fastest way to deliver a drug to the action site is by inhalation ____ 9. Men have faster and more efficient biotransformation of drugs and this is thought to be due to: A. Less obesity rates than women B. Prostate enlargement C. Testosterone D. Less estrogen than women ____ 10. The cytochrome p system involves enzymes that are generally: A. Inhibited by drugs B. Induced by drugs C. Inhibited or induced by drugs D. Associated with decreased liver perfusion ____ 11. A statement not shown to be true about pharmacodynamics changes with aging is: A. Decreased sensitivity to oral anticoagulants B. Enhanced sensitivity to central nervous system drugs C. Drug responsiveness can be influenced by patient activity level D. There is a decreased sensitivity to beta blockers ____ 12. Atypical presentation of disease in the elderly is reflected by all the following except: A. Infection without fever B. Depression without dysphoric mood C. Myocardial infarction with chest pain and diaphoresis D. Cardiac manifestations of thyroid disease ____ 13. Functional abilities are best assessed by: A. Self-report of function B. Observed assessment of function C. A comprehensive head-to-toe examination D. Family report of function MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.ANS: D PTS: 1 2.ANS: C PTS: 1 3.ANS: B PTS: 1 4.ANS: D PTS: 1 5.ANS: C PTS: 1 6.ANS: B PTS: 1 7.ANS: D PTS: 1 8.ANS: A PTS: 1 9.ANS: C PTS: 1 10.ANS: C PTS: 1 11.ANS: A PTS: 1 12.ANS: C PTS: 1 13.ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 2. Health Promotion Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The leading cause of death in elderly travelers worldwide is: A.Cardiovascular disease B.Infections C.Accidents D.Malaria ____ 2. Which of the following should be avoided in countries where food and water precautions are to be observed? A.Hot coffee B.Bottled water C.Salad buffet D.Unpeeled bananas ____ 3. What insect precautions are not necessary to prevent insect-borne diseases in the tropics? A.Using 100% DEET on the skin to prevent bites B.Treating clothes with permethrin C.Covering up exposed skin to lessen biting surface D.Taking malaria pills as directed for areas at risk for malaria ____ 4. An example of secondary prevention you could recommend/order for older adults would be to: A. Check for fecal occult blood B. Wear seat belts in the car C. Provide foot care for a diabetic patient D. Administer a tetanus shot ____ 5. Ali is a 72-year-old man who recently came to the U.S. from Nigeria. He reports having BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination as a child. Which of the following is correct regarding a tuberculin skin test? A. It should not be done at all. B. It should be read as smaller than it really is. C. Vaccination history is irrelevant; read as usual. D. It should be read as larger than it really is. ____ 6. A 72-year-old woman and her husband are on a cross-country driving vacation. After a long day of driving, they stop for dinner. Midway through the meal, the woman becomes very short of breath, with chest pain and a feeling of panic. Which of the following problems is most likely? A. Pulmonary edema B. Heart failure C. Pulmonary embolism D. Pneumonia ____ 7. Ivan W. is a 65-year-old man who is new to your practice. He has a history of COPD, CAD, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has had no immunizations since his discharge from the military at age 25. Childhood diseases included chickenpox, measles, mumps, and “German measles.” He presents for a disease management visit. Which of the following immunizations would you recommend for Ivan? A. MMR, influenza, pneumococcal, Zostavax B. Influenza, pneumococcal, PPD, Hepatitis B C. Tdap, pneumococcal, influenza, Zostavax D. Hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A ____ 8. Leo L. is a 62-year-old African American male who comes for an initial visit to your practice. Personal health history includes smoking 1 pack/day since age 11, consuming a case of beer (24 bottles) every weekend, and working as an assembler (sedentary job) for the past 10 years. Family history in first-degree relatives includes hypertension, high cholesterol, heart attack, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Leo’s BMI is 32; BP today is 130/86. You order a fasting glucose, lipid profile, and return visit for BP check. This is an example of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Health profiling ____ 9. A local chapter of a nurse practitioner organization has begun planning a community-based screening for hypertension at a local congregate living facility. This population was selected on the basis of: A. A predicted decreased incidence of high blood pressure in this population B. A recognized element of high risk within this group C. Readily available treatment measures D. Achieving an administrative goal for the congregate living facility ____ 10. Performing range of motion exercises on a client who has had a stroke is an example of which level of prevention? A. Primary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Rehabilitation prevention ____ 11. The nurse practitioner demonstrates an understanding of primary prevention of falling among the elderly through which management plan? A. Evaluate a need for assistive devices for ambulation after the client has been injured from a fall. B. Provide resources to correct hazards contributing to falls in the home environment. C. Reinforce the need to use prescribed eyeglasses to prevent further injury from falls. D. Provide information about medications, side effects, and interactions. ____ 12. An example of an active strategy of health promotion for an individual to accomplish would be: A. Maintaining clean water in the local environment B. Introducing fluoride into the water C. Beginning a stress management program D. Maintaining a sanitary sewage system ____ 13. You are working with an older male adult with a long history of alcohol abuse and a 30-year history of smoking. In recommending an intervention for this client, your responsibility is to: A. Make the individual abandon his own health practices and follow your recommendations B. Register the patient for a local intervention program and secure payments C. Promote positive change in lifestyle choices D. Identify the barriers that the client will encounter ____ 14. The four main domains of clinical preventive services that the practitioner will provide are: A. Counseling interventions, screening tests, immunizations, and chemoprophylaxis B. Counseling intervention, screening tests, immunizations, and education C. Counseling interventions, transportation, screening tests, and immunizations D. Screening tests, brief psychotherapy, immunizations, and chemoprophylaxis ____ 15. Which organism that can be prevented by immunization is most often responsible for an infectious “outbreak” in the nursing home setting? A. Haemophilus influenza B. Streptococcus C. Influenza A D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ____ 16. What is the appropriate method for tuberculosis screening of an older adult entering a nursing home? A. 5 tuberculin units intramuscular PPD injection and if negative repeat with same dose one week later B. 5 tuberculin units intradermal PPD injection and if negative repeat with same dose one week later C. Chest x-ray at the same time of PPD testing D. 5 tuberculin units intradermal PPD injection and if positive repeat same dose in one week MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.ANS: C PTS: 1 2.ANS: C PTS: 1 3.ANS: A PTS: 1 4.ANS: A PTS: 1 5.ANS: C PTS: 1 6.ANS: C PTS: 1 7.ANS: C PTS: 1 8.ANS: B PTS: 1 9.ANS: B PTS: 1 10.ANS: B PTS: 1 11.ANS: D PTS: 1 12.ANS: C PTS: 1 13.ANS: C PTS: 1 14.ANS: A PTS: 1 15.ANS: C PTS: 1 16.ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 3. Exercise in Older Adults Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Exercise recommended for older adults should include activities that: A. Conserve energy B. Restrict flexibility C. Strengthen muscles D. Are anaerobic in nature ____ 2. Preferred amount of exercise for older adults is: A. 10 minutes of physical activity each morning B. 30 minutes per day of aerobic activity five times a week C. Any increase in physical activity over a sedentary lifestyle D. 60 minutes per day that includes 30 minutes of aerobic activity and 30 minutes of weight training five times a week ____ 3. Which of the following medical conditions is not considered restrictive for engaging in physical activity? A. A.Unstable angina B. Dehydration C. Depression D. Uncontrolled tachycardia ____ 4. The best recommendation for a patient who states they have no equipment to exercise would be: A. Sign a contract for a year’s membership to a local gym B. Borrow free weights from grandchildren C. Have a personal trainer come to the home three times a week D. Improvise with recommended objects at home that can be used ____ 5. When the nurse practitioner recommends exercise for a sedentary older adult, which of the following pieces of advice should be considered for all types of exercise? A. Only use equipment recommended by physical trainers B. Start low and go slow C. Only group exercise is beneficial to someone who has not been active in a long A. time D. Focus only on one type of exercise for the first few months 1. ANS: C PTS: 1 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 4. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The evidence reflects that comprehensive geriatric assessment should be conducted: A. On all individuals 65 and older B. On all individuals 75 and older C. By an inter-disciplinary team of professionals D. Targeting the vulnerable and frail elderly ____ 2. Evidence-based geriatric assessment instruments available to the clinician: A. Are largely screening instruments to detect a condition B. Largely do not exist and if they do they have limited clinical utility C. Include screening, evaluation, and measurement instruments in multiple domains D. Have applicability in the outpatient but not the inpatient setting ____ 3. When interviewing the older adult with a suspected dementia, it is most important that: A. Mental status be evaluated first in order to determine if the patient is a reliable historian B. The examiner use short simple questions and recognize non-verbal signs of discomfort C. Postpone the mental status evaluation for the following visit and establish a rapport first D. The clinician get in contact with a family member to obtain the history ____ 4. Which is not considered a dimension of symptomatology? A. Onset B. Physical signs C. Location D. Absence of associated symptoms ____ 5. The best approach to taking the health history is to: A. Start with an open-ended question B. Start with the review of systems C. Focus on the chief complaint D. Complete the history before conducting the examination ____ 6. A review of the evidence relative to screening of the elderly reveals the highest evidence rating for: A. Vision screening B. Mammography screening C. Hearing screening D. Dementia screening ____ 7. Assessment of vital signs in the elderly reflect: A. Errors in blood pressure measurement are rare with automated recording devices B. Shortness of breath in the elderly is rare in the older, deconditioned, and immobile patient C. Older adults prefer a 0-10 pain rating scale D. Older adults could be septic with a temperature within normal limits ____ 8. What statement is true about nutrition intake in the elderly? A. Deficiencies in protein intake are common with aging. B. Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder among the elderly living in the community. C. Increased caloric consumption is needed as one ages. D. The serum albumin is a good reflection of protein stores. ____ 9. What is reflective of functional decline in older adults? A. Functional decline is synonymous with advanced age. B. Some individuals die of “old age” but have maintained an active and healthy lifestyle. C. Instrumental activities of daily living are preserved longer than activities of daily living. D. It is always possible to prevent functional deterioration. ____ 10. The leading cause of traumatic death in the elderly is due to: A. Motor vehicle accidents B. Pedestrian injuries C. Falls D. Burns ____ 11. Timing of the get-and-go test enhances its sensitivity. The process should take less than: A. Thirty seconds B. Sixteen seconds C. Sixty seconds D. Ten seconds ____ 12. A validated tool for assessing cognitive function specific to dementia is: A. Mini-cog B. Confusion assessment method C. Yesavage GDS scale D. NuDesc ____ 13. The medical outcome study short form 36 remains the gold standard of quality of life instruments. It measures: A. Mental and social domains B. Social domain C. Physical, mental, and social domains D. Physical domain MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 13. ANS: C PTS: 1 Chapter 5. Symptoms and Syndromes Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The term “geriatric syndrome” is best described as: A. A condition that has multiple underlying factors and involves multiple systems B. A condition that has a discreet etiology that is difficult to pinpoint C. Significant progress has been made in understanding geriatric syndromes, especially falls and delirium D. Therapeutic management of a geriatric syndrome can be accomplished once a specific diagnosis is made ____ 2. The anal wink reflex is used to test: A. Rectal prolapse B. Sensation and pudental nerve function C. Baseline and squeeze sphincter tone D. Fissures and fistulas ____ 3. Atypical presentation of acute coronary syndrome is: A. Most common in Hispanic females B. More common in men C. Most common in African American men D. More common in females ____ 4. What disease can mimic and often co-exists with myocardial infarctions in elders with coronary artery disease? A. Hypertension B. Esophageal disease C. Diabetic gastroparesis D. Vascular disease ____ 5. Thoracic aortic dissection presents typically as: A. Sharp stabbing pain in the mid thorax B. Pleuretic chest pain and dyspnea C. Severe retrosternal chest pain that radiates to the back and both arms D. Unilateral pleuretic chest pain and dyspnea ____ 6. Medications known to contribute to constipation include all of the following except: A. Stimulant laxatives B. Anticholinergic drugs C. Broad-spectrum antibiotics D. Iron ____ 7. Bordetella pertussis is best characterized by: A. Sub-acute cough lasting greater than two weeks B. Acute cough associated with a coryzal symptom C. Chronic cough with post-nasal drip D. Non-productive acute cough ____ 8. The routine testing of tuberculosis should occur in all of the following vulnerable populations except: A. Nursing home residents B. Prison inmates C. Hospitalized elderly D. Immune-compromised patients ____ 9. Which of the following statements about fluid balance in the elderly is false? A. Total body water decreases with age. B. Thirst response decreases as a person ages. C. African Americans have higher rates of dehydration than white Americans. D. Assessment of skin turgor at the sternum is a reliable indicator of dehydration in the elderly. ____ 10. Distinguishing delirium from dementia can be problematic since they may co-exist. The primary consideration in the differential is: A. Performance on the Mini Mental Status Exam B. The Confusion Assessment is negative C. Rapid change and fluctuating course of cognitive function D. The presence of behavioral symptoms with cognitive impairment ____ 11. Presbystasis is best described as: A. Impairment in vestibular apparatus that causes dizziness B. Age-related disequilibrium of unknown pathology characterized by a gradual onset of difficulty walking C. The loss of high frequency tones with aging that can impair sensation D. A disorder of the inner ear characterized by vertigo ____ 12. If dizziness has a predictable pattern associated with it, the clinician should first consider: A. Hypoglycemia B. Psychogenic etiology C. Cardiovascular cause D. Neurogenic cause ____ 13. All of the following are considered as contributors to dysphagia except: A. Anticholinergics B. Drugs that increase reflux symptoms C. Inadequate intake of fluids with medications and meals D. Smooth muscle relaxants ____ 14. Evidence shows that the most important predictor of a fall is: A. Prior history of a fall B. Cognitive impairment C. Gait and balance disturbance D. Proximal muscle weakness ____ 15. The most cost-effective interventions used to prevent falls are: A. Use of sitters B. Use of alarms (bed, chair, monitors) C. Tai Chi exercises D. Home modifications and vitamin D supplements ____ 16. Chronic fatigue syndrome is best described as: A. Fatigue that is constant, lasting more than three months B. Fatigue lasting longer than six months and not relieved by rest C. Fatigue that waxes and wanes over a period of three months D. Total exhaustion with inability to get out of bed ____ 17. Which form of headache is bilateral? A. Cluster B. Tension C. Migraine D. Acute angle closure glaucoma ____ 18. Microscopic hematuria is defined as: A. Twenty or more RBCs on a urine sample B. Three or more RBCs on a urine sample C. Twenty or more RBCs on three or more samples of urine D. Three or more RBCs on three or more samples of urine ____ 19. Risk factors associated with the finding of a malignancy in a patient with hemoptysis include all of the following except: A. Male sex B. Smoking history C. Over age 40 D. Childhood asthma ____ 20. Recent weight loss is defined as: A. loss of 10 pounds over the past 3-6 months B. loss of 2 pounds a week C. 5% weight loss in three months D. 10% weight loss in one year ____ 21. The most common cause of disability in the elderly is due to: A. Diabetes B. Arthritis C. Heart disease D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ____ 22. Lipedema is best described as: A. Bilateral accumulation of interstitial fluid B. Bilateral distribution of fat in the lower extremities C. Fluid retention caused by a compromised lymphatic system D. Lipid molecules that break down and cause fluid retention ____ 23. Drug-induced pruritus is distinguished because it: A. Occurs soon after a new drug is taken B. Usually is a generalized rash C. May occur right after the drug is taken or months later D. Usually involves localized circumscribed lesions ____ 24. A form of syncope that is more common in the elderly than younger adults is: A. Vasovagal B. Carotid sinus sensitivity C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Arrhythmias ____ 25. All of the following statements about tremor are true except: A. The most common tremor is the Parkinson tremor B. Most individuals with tremor do not seek medical attention C. Psychogenic tremor is uncommon D. Tremor is more prevalent in whites than blacks ____ 26. Overflow incontinence is usually associated with: A. Loss of urine that occurs with urgency B. Cognitive impairment C. Weak pelvic floor muscles D. Bladder outlet obstruction ____ 27. Wandering is best described as: A. Aimless excessive ambulatory behavior B. B. Purposeful excessive ambulatory behavior C. C. Risk-seeking behavior in the cognitively impaired D. D. A result of boredom in those with dementia MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 8. ANS: C PTS: 1 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 13. ANS: D PTS: 1 14. ANS: A PTS: 1 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 17. ANS: B PTS: 1 18. ANS: D PTS: 1 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 22. ANS: B PTS: 1 23. ANS: C PTS: 1 24. ANS: C PTS: 1 25. ANS: A PTS: 1 26. ANS: D PTS: 1 27. ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 6. Skin and Lymphatic Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which of the following dermatological conditions results from reactivation of the dormant varicella virus? A. Tinea versicolor B. Seborrheic keratosis C. Verruca D. Herpes zoster ____ 2. An older adult male presents with pain in his right chest wall for the past 48 hours. Upon examination, the nurse practitioner notices a vesicular eruption along the dermatome and identifies this as herpes zoster. The NP informs the gentleman that: A. All symptoms should disappear within three days B. Oral medications can dramatically reduce the duration and intensity of his symptoms C. He has chickenpox and can be contagious to his grandchildren D. He has a sexually transmitted disease ____ 3. A 70-year-old white male comes to the clinic with a slightly raised, scaly, pink, and irregular lesion on his scalp. He is a farmer and works outside all day. You suspect actinic keratosis, but cannot rule out other lesions. What recommendation would you give him? A. Ignore the lesion, as it is associated with aging. B. Instruct him to use a nonprescription hydrocortisone cream to dry up the lesion. C. Perform a biopsy or refer to a dermatologist. D. Advise him to use a dandruff shampoo and return in one month if the lesion has not gone away. ____ 4. The immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) is a laboratory test used to diagnose which of the following disorders? A. Tinea versicolor B. Herpes zoster C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Human papilloma virus ____ 5. A wound with drainage and foul odor should be cleansed with: A. Normal saline B. Hydrogen peroxide C. 20% acetic acid D. Betadine ____ 6. A full-thickness pressure ulcer is partially covered with eschar and the surrounding tissue is reddened. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this condition? A. Apply an occlusive dressing B. Debride mechanically or chemically C. Saline moistened gauze dressings D. Vacuum-assisted wound closure ____ 7. In examining the skin of your nursing home patient, you note a “stained glass” brownish mark on the face. Which of the following lesions best describes a stained glass brownish mark? A. Actinic keratosis B. Seborrhea keratosis C. Lentigo maligna D. Superficial spreading malignant melanoma ____ 8. Patients who have an underlying tinea infection to the cellulitis should also be treated with which one of the following? A. An anti-fungal medication B. Topical steroids C. Oral steroids D. Zinc oxide ____ 9. Identify the type of malignant melanoma that is associated with the Hutchinson’s sign of the cuticle of the finger. A. Lentigo maligna B. Acral lentiginous C. Nodular D. Superficial spreading malignant melanoma ____ 10. A smooth round nodule with a pearly gray border and central induration best describe which skin lesion? A. Seborrheic keratosis B. Malignant melanoma C. Herpes zoster D. Basal cell carcinoma ____ 11. Cellulitis is a deep skin infection involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The nurse practitioner suspects cellulitis in a 70-year-old Asian diabetic male presenting with reddened edematous skin around his nares. Which statement below will the nurse practitioner use in her decision-making process for the differential diagnosis pertaining to reddened edematous skin? A. Cellulitis is two times more common in women B. Facial cellulitis is more common in people 55 C. There is low incidence of cellulitis in patients with diabetes D. Cellulitis is only a disease of the lower extremities of patients with known arterial insufficiency ____ 12. An 82-year-old female has a “pimple” on his nose that occasionally bleeds and may have increased in size in the past year. The lesion is a 0.7-cm, dome-shaped, umbilicated papule with pearly translucence. There is also a hemorrhagic crust covering the central portion. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. Keratoacanthoma D. Sebaceous hyperplasia ____ 13. Which of the following is generally not a first-line treatment for post herpetic neuralgia? A. Intrathecal methylprednisolone B. Gabapentin C. 5% lidocaine patch D. Topical capsaicin ____ 14. A nursing home resident with a Stage 4 pressure ulcer that extends to the muscle layer and has significant undermining with heavy exudate should be treated with: A. Dry gauze dressings B. Duoderm C. Chemical debridement D. Calcium alginate dressings ____ 15. Which of the following descriptions accurately documents cellulitis? A. Cool, erythematous, shiny hairless extremity with decreased pulse B. Scattered, erythematous ring-like lesions with clear centers C. Clearly demarcated, raised erythematous area of face D. Diffusely inflamed skin that is warm and tender to palpation ____ 16. Asymmetrical bi-color lesion with irregular border measuring 8 mm is found on the right lower arm of an adult patient. This assessment finding is consistent with: A. Melanoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. Leukoplakia D. Senile lentigines ____ 17. Which of the following descriptions best illustrates assessment findings consistent with tinea capitis? A. Circular erythematous patches with papular, scaly annular borders and clear centers B. Inflamed scaly dry patches with broken hairs C. Web lesions with erythema and scaling borders D. Scaly pruritic erythematous lesions on inguinal creases ____ 18. A hyperkeratotic nodule formed as the result of exposure of the foot to moisture from perspiration is called: A. Hard corn B. Tinea pedis C. Soft corn D. Plantar warts (verrucae) ____ 19. A 64-year-old male presents with an exacerbation of psoriasis. His social history includes 50-year two packs a day of cigarettes and a six-pack a week of beer. He states he had a recent sore throat, which he attributes to minding his young grandson. He reports that until recently the pruritis was only minimal. His BMI is 37. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the acute presentation of psoriasis? A. Alcohol abuse B. Smoking C. Streptococcal infection D. Obesity ____ 20. Treatment of complicated cellulitis of the lower extremity resulting from an anaerobe requires all of the following except: A. Extended antibiotic medication lasting at least 7-10 days B. Topical antifungal medication C. Inquiry when last tetanus toxoid booster was given D. Elevation of limb and consideration of compression bandaging MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 7. ANS: C PTS: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 10. ANS: D PTS: 1 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 16. ANS: A PTS: 1 17. ANS: B PTS: 1 18. ANS: C PTS: 1 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 20. ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 7. Head, Neck, and Face Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A 64-year-old male presents with erythema of the sclera, tearing, and bilateral pruritus of the eyes. The symptoms occur intermittently throughout the year and he has associated clear nasal discharge. Which of the following is most likely because of the inflammation? A. Bacterium B. Allergen C. Virus D. Fungi ____ 2. One of the first-line treatments in patients with allergic rhinitis is the use of nasal corticosteroid sprays. What is the anticipated onset of symptom relief with the use of these medications? A. Two weeks or more B. Immediate C. 1 to 2 days D. A minimum of one week ____ 3. The nurse practitioner knows that antihistamines work primarily through which of the following mechanisms? A. Vasodilatation B. Blocking leukotriene effects C. Inhibiting histamine receptor sites D. Vasoconstriction ____ 4. Cromolyn sodium may also be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. What is the mechanism of action of this medication? A. Mast cell stabilization B. Blocking the effects of IgE C. Leukotriene inhibition D. Histamine blockade ____ 5. Patients that have atopic disorders are mediated by the production of IGE will have histamine stimulated as an immediate phase response. This release of histamine results in which of the following? A. Sinus pain, increased vascular permeability, and bronchodilation B. Bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and vasodilatation C. Contraction of smooth muscle decreased vascular permeability and vasoconstriction D. Vasodilatation, bronchodilation, and increased vascular permeability ____ 6. Which of the following maneuvers is used to induce symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? A. The Fukuda stepping test B. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver C. Forced hyperventilation D. The head thrust test ____ 7. You have a patient complaining of vertigo and want to know what could be the cause. Knowing there are many causes for vertigo, you question the length of time the sensation lasts. She tells you several hours to days and is accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss. You suspect which of the following conditions? A. Ménière’s disease B. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo C. TIA D. Migraine ____ 8. Sensory impairment (vision and hearing) in the elderly is associated with: A. Impaired quality of life B. Decreased function C. Increased mortality D. All of the above ____ 9. Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of blindness in the United States? A. Macular degeneration B. Diabetic retinopathy C. Glaucoma D. Cataracts ____ 10. A slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it is known as a: A. Pterygium B. Pinguecula C. Xanthelsma D. Limbal nodule ____ 11. A nonmodifiable risk factor for the development of cataracts is: A. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet B radiation B. High alcohol intake C. Strong family history D. Diabetes mellitus ____ 12. Causes of sensorineural hearing loss include: A. Ototoxicity B. Ménière’s disease C. Otosclerosis D. Inner ear fistula ____ 13. Clinical findings in patients with nonproliferation retinopathy include: A. Cotton wool spots B. Microaneursyms C. Deep hemorrhages D. Neovascularization ____ 14. In examining the mouth of an older adult with a history of smoking, the nurse practitioner finds a suspicious oral lesion. The patient has been referred for a biopsy to be sent for pathology. Which is the most common oral precancerous lesion? A. Fictional keratosis B. Keratoacanthoma C. Lichen planus D. Leukoplakia ____ 15. A gross screening for hearing is the whisper tests. Which cranial nerve is being tested when the nurse practitioner conducts this test? A. Cranial nerve V B. Cranial nerve VII C. Cranial nerve VIII D. Cranial nerve IV MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 8. ANS: D PTS: 1 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 11. ANS: C PTS: 1 12. ANS: C PTS: 1 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 Chapter 8. Chest Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. In mitral stenosis, p waves may suggest: A. Left atrial enlargement B. Right atrial enlargement C. Left ventricle enlargement D. Right ventricle enlargement ____ 2. Aortic regurgitation requires medical treatment for early signs of CHF with: A. Beta blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Surgery D. Hospitalization ____ 3. A key symptom of ischemic heart disease is chest pain. However, angina equivalents may include exertional dyspnea. Angina equivalents are important because: A. Women with ischemic heart disease many times do not present with chest pain B. Some patients may have no symptoms or atypical symptoms. Diagnosis may only be made at the time of an actual myocardial infarction C. Elderly patients have the most severe symptoms D. A & B only ____ 4. The best evidence rating drugs to consider in a post myocardial infarction patient include: A. ASA, ACE/ARB, beta-blocker, aldosterone blockade B. Ace, ARB, Calcium channel blocker, ASA C. Long-acting nitrates, warfarin, ACE, and ARB D. ASA, clopidogrel, nitrates ____ 5. A 55-year-old post-menopausal woman with a history of hypertension complains of jaw pain on heavy exertion. There were no complaints of chest pain. Her ECG indicates normal sinus rhythm without ST-segment abnormalities. Your plan may include: A. Echocardiogram B. Exercise stress test C. Cardiac catheterization D. Myocardial perfusion imaging ____ 6. Preceding a stress test, the following lab work might include: A. CBC and differential to differentiate ischemic heart disease from anemia B. Liver enzymes to rule out underlying gall bladder disease C. Thyroid studies to rule out hyperthyroidism D. A & C only ____ 7. Which test is the clinical standard for the assessment of aortic stenosis? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Stress test C. Chest x-ray D. Echocardiography ____ 8. What is the most common valvular heart disease in an older adult? A. Aortic regurgitation B. Aortic stenosis C. Mitral regurgitation D. Mitral stenosis ____ 9. On examination, what type of murmur can be auscultated with aortic regurgitation? A. Austin flint B. Systolic ejection C. Soft S1 and a Loud S2 D. Loud S1 ____ 10. Ischemic heart disease is: A. Defined as imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. B. Frequently is manifested as angina. C. Leading cause of death in the elderly. D. All of the above. ____ 11. Which test is the clinical standard for the assessment of aortic stenosis? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Stress test C. Chest x-ray D. Echocardiography ____ 12. The aging process causes what normal physiological changes in the heart? A. The heart valve thickens and becomes rigid, secondary to fibrosis and sclerosis B. Cardiology occurs along with prolapse of the mitral valve and regurgitation C. Dilation of the right ventricle occurs with sclerosis of pulmonic and tricuspid valves D. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle ____ 13. An older adult may present with atypical clinical signs of pneumonia. The nurse practitioner needs to be aware that the clustering of all of the following signs and symptoms may be indicative of pneumonia in an older person except: A. Bradycardia B. Malaise C. Anorexia D. Confusion ____ 14. Which of the following statements is true concerning anti-arrhythmic drugs? A. Amiodarone is the only one not associated with increased mortality and it has a very favorable side effect profile. B. Both long-acting and short-acting calcium channel blockers are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. C. Most antiarrhythmics have a low toxic/therapeutic ratio and some are exceedingly toxic. D. Anti-arrhythmic therapy should be initiated in the hospital for all patients. ____ 15. Dan G., a 65-year-old man, presents to your primary care office for the evaluation of chest pain and left-sided shoulder pain. Pain begins after strenuous activity, including walking. Pain is characterized as dull, aching; 8/10 during activity, otherwise 0/10. Began a few months ago, intermittent, aggravated by exercise, and relieved by rest. Has occasional nausea. Pain is retrosternal, radiating to left shoulder, definitely affects quality of life by limiting activity. Pain is worse today; did not go away after he stopped walking. BP 120/80. Pulse 72 and regular. Normal heart sounds, S1 and S2, no murmurs. Which of the following differential diagnoses would be most likely? A. Musculoskeletal chest wall syndrome with radiation B. Esophageal motor disorder with radiation C. Acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis D. Coronary artery disease with angina pectoris ____ 16. Jose M. is a 68-year-old man who presents to your primary care practice for a physical. Jose has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 5 years, diet controlled. His BMI is 32. Smoker, pack per day for 25 years. He denies other medical problems. Family history includes CAD, CABG x4 for father, now deceased; CHF, type 2 diabetes mellitus, HT for mother. According to the AHA/ACC guidelines, what stage is Jose? A. Stage A B. Stage B C. Stage C D. Stage D ____ 17. Susan P., a 60-year-old woman with a 30 pack-year history, presents to your primary care practice for evaluation of persistent, daily cough with increased sputum production, worse in the morning, occurring over the past three months. She tells you, “I have the same thing, year after year.” Which of the following choices would you consider strongly in your critical thinking process? A. Seasonal allergies B. Acute bronchitis C. Bronchial asthma D. Chronic bronchitis ____ 18. The best way to diagnose structural heart disease/dysfunction non-invasively is: A. Chest x-ray B. EKG C. Echocardiogram D. Heart catheterization ____ 19. A common auscultatory finding in advanced CHF is: A. Systolic ejection murmur B. S3 gallop rhythm C. Friction rub D. Bradycardia ____ 20. The organism most commonly responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults is: A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Proteus mirabilis D. Streptococcus pneumonia ____ 21. A 72-year-old woman and her husband are on a cross-country driving vacation. After a long day of driving, they stop for dinner. Midway through the meal, the woman becomes very short of breath, with chest pain and a feeling of panic. Which of the following problems is most likely? A. Pulmonary edema B. Heart failure C. Pulmonary embolism D. Pneumonia MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 6. ANS: D PTS: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 9. ANS: A PTS: 1 10. ANS: D PTS: 1 11. ANS: D PTS: 1 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 16. ANS: A PTS: 1 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 18. ANS: C PTS: 1 19. ANS: B PTS: 1 20. ANS: D PTS: 1 21. ANS: C PTS: 1 Chapter 9: Peripheral Vascular Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The clinician should begin the peripheral vascular exam with: A. Auscultation of the carotid arteries B. Checking for peripheral edema C. Auscultation of the heart D. Palpation of the upper extremity arteries ____ 2. Inspection of the distal nails and nail beds should be evaluated for signs of decreased perfusion. Signs include: A. Clubbing B. Cyanosis C. Petechiae D. All of the above ____ 3. A thorough vascular exam includes all of the following except: A. Cardiac exam B. Reproductive organ exam C. Peripheral vascular exam D. Cranial nerve exam ____ 4. The majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms are due to: A. Trauma B. Infection C. Inflammation D. Atherosclerosis ____ 5. The best initial screening test for abdominal aortic aneurysm is: A. Angiography B. CT scan with IV contrast C. Abdominal ultrasound D. MRI ____ 6. The initial treatment for symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm involves: A. Emergency surgery B. Aggressive blood pressure control C. watch-and-wait approach D. Cardiology consult ____ 7. The major cause of death after an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is: A. AAA rupture B. Hemorrhage C. Renal failure D. Myocardial infarction ____ 8. An early symptom of peripheral artery disease is: A. Painful cramping of muscles during walking B. Pain is worse when the legs are dependent below the level of the heart C. Pain intensifies after vigorous walking is stopped D. Ulceration or gangrene occurs at the sight of minor injury ____ 9. The hallmark of venous stasis ulcers include all of the following except: A. Lower extremity edema B. Hyperpigmentation of the lower extremities C. Ulcers on the medial or lateral malleolus D. Copious draining ulcers ____ 10. Exercise is an essential element of peripheral arterial disease management primarily because: A. It encourages weight loss, as being overweight is a contributing factor to PAD B. Evidence shows exercise reduces smoking C. Collateral vessels are strengthened D. It improves aerobic capacity ____ 11. Home exercise programs for peripheral arterial disease focus on: A. Walk until pain develops then stop B. Walk through the pain then stop C. Begin at a slow speed with 10 minutes a day and build up to 30 minutes D. Walk through the pain, rest until it goes away, then resume walking ____ 12. When should surgical options for peripheral arterial disease be considered? A. Immediately after the diagnosis since the prognosis without revascularization is poor B. After two weeks of pentoxifylline (Trental) therapy C. Pain is not relieved with rest D. Pain limits the patient’s lifestyle or ulceration occurs ____ 13. All of the following are classic signs of venous insufficiency except: A. Pain B. Dependent edema C. Hemosiderosis D. Dermatitis ____ 14. Lower leg edema associated with pain is characteristic of: A. Venous insufficiency B. Heart failure C. Deep venous thrombosis D. Diabetes ____ 15. The most common cause of secondary lymphedema is: A. Surgery B. Cancer treatment C. Infection D. Trauma ____ 16. The imaging gold standard for lymphedema is: A. Lymphosonogram B. Lymphoscintigraphy C. Lymphoangiogram D. CT scan ____ 17. Known risk factors for lymphedema include all of the following except: A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Obesity D. Venous ulcer disease ____ 18. Complete decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) works by: A. Stimulating the lymph vessels B. Breaking up subcutaneous fibrous tissue C. Redirecting lymph flow D. All of the above MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 9. ANS: C PTS: 1 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 11. ANS: D PTS: 1 12. ANS: D PTS: 1 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 17. ANS: A PTS: 1 18. ANS: D PTS: 1 Chapter 10. Abdominal Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Your 70-year-old patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). After a trial of lifestyle modifications and antacids, the patient continues to have occasional mild heartburn after occasional meals and at night. The most appropriate next action is: A. Prokinetic agents B. H2 antagonists C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Sucralfate ____ 2. An older patient reports burning pain after ingestion of many foods and large meals. What assessment would assist the nurse practitioner in making a diagnosis of GERD? A. Identification of a fluid wave B. Positive Murphy’s sign C. Palpable spleen D. Midepigastric pain that is not reproducible with palpation ____ 3. The nurse practitioner is examining a 62-year-old female who has been complaining of lower abdominal pain. Upon auscultation, bowel sounds are high pitched and tinkling. Which of the following terms describes this finding? A. Succession splash B. Borborygmi C. Tenesmus D. Puddle sign ____ 4. In teaching an older adult female client with end-stage renal disease her medication regimen, the nurse practitioner must include which of the following pieces of information in the treatment plan? A. Report any changes in the color of her stool B. Take iron supplement and elemental calcium with each meal C. Take iron supplement before meals and the calcium after meals D. Take calcium with a high phosphorus meal ____ 5. A 62-year-old client presents with a complaint of fever, pain, and burning on urination. Difficulty urinating with dribbling has been increasing in the past few days. He has a feeling of pressure in his groin. On examination, his prostate is tender, boggy, and warm. A stat urinalysis reveals the presence of leukocytes and bacteria. He is allergic to sulfa drugs. His weight is 70 kg and his last serum creatinine was 1.0. While awaiting the culture and sensitivity, the nurse practitioner begins empiric treatment with which of the following? A. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole DS bid x 2 weeks B. Ampicillin 250 mg PO q day for 10 days C. Nitrofurantoin 100 mg Q 12 hours for 7 days D. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Q 12 hours for 14 days ____ 6. A 62-year-old woman presents with a recurrent urinary tract infection. She now has a fever of 104°F and severe costovertebral tenderness with pyuria. What is the appropriate diagnosis and intervention for this patient? A. Septic arthritis and oral prednisolone is indicated B. Pyelonephritis and hospitalization is required C. Recurrent cystitis and 10 days of antibiotics are needed D. Pelvic inflammatory disease and 7 days of antibiotics are indicated ____ 7. Which of the following drugs would be useful for the nurse practitioner to prescribe for an older adult to prevent gastric ulcers when a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used for chronic pain management? A. Misoprostol (Cytotec) B. Cimetidine (Tagamet) C. Metronidazole (Flagyl) D. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol) ____ 8. A 68-year-old male reports painless rectal bleeding occasionally noted with thin pencil-like stools, but no pain with defection. He has a history of colon polyp removal 10 years ago but was lost to follow-up. The nurse practitioner’s appropriate intervention is: A. A digital rectal exam and send home with 3 hemoccult to return B. Immediate referral to gastroenterologist and colonoscopy C. Order a screening sigmoidoscopy D. Order a colonoscopy and barium enema and refer based on results ____ 9. Asymptomatic 1+ bacteruria is found in a nursing home resident with an indwelling catheter. The nurse practitioner’s initial intervention includes: A. Assessing resident’s cognitive status and last change of the catheter/bag B. Prescribing prophylactic Bactrim 1 tablet at bedtime C. Ordering a urine culture and sensitivity and prescribing empiric treatment until results obtained D. Ordering an x-ray of the kidney, urine, and bladder ____ 10. When counseling clients regarding the use of antidiarrheal drugs such as Imodium anti-diarrheal and Kaopectate, the nurse practitioner advises patients to: A. Use all the medication B. Do not use for possible infectious diarrhea C. Use should exceed one week for effectiveness D. These drugs provide exactly the same pharmaceutical effects ____ 11. When teaching a group of older adults regarding prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, the nurse practitioner will include which of the following instructions? A. Raise the head of the bed with pillows at night and chew peppermints when symptoms of heartburn begins B. Raise the head of the bed on blocks and take the proton pump inhibitor medication at bedtime C. Sit up for an hour after taking any medication and restrict fluid intake D. Avoid food intolerances, raise head of bed on blocks, and take a proton pump inhibitor before a meal ____ 12. A clinical clue for suspected renal artery stenosis would be: A. Decreased urine output B. Development of resistant hypertension in a previously well-controlled patient C. Retroperitoneal pain on the affected side D. Rising BUN level with normal creatinine level ____ 13. Helicobacter pylori is implicated as a causative agent in the development of duodenal or gastric ulcers. What teaching should the nurse practitioner plan for a patient who has a positive Helicobacter pylori test? A. It is highly contagious and a mask should be worn at home. B. The treatment regimen is multiple lifetime medications. C. The treatment regimen is multiple medications taken daily for a few weeks. D. The treatment regimen is complicated and is not indicated unless the patient is symptomatic. ____ 14. An obese middle-aged client presents with a month of nonproductive irritating cough without fever. He also reports occasional morning hoarseness. What should the differential include? A. Atypical pneumonia B. Peptic ulcer disease C. Gastroesophageal reflux D. Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr) ____ 15. Which of the following findings would indicate a need for another endoscopy in clients with peptic ulcer disease? A. Cases of dyspepsia with constipation B. Symptoms persisting after 6-8 weeks of therapy C. All clients with dyspepsia who smoke and drink alcohol D. When a therapeutic response to empiric treatment is obtained ____ 16. A careful history of a female client with a chief complaint of intermittent diarrhea reveals that she also experiences bouts of constipation. She has no known allergies and experienced no unintentional weight loss. What is the most likely condition? A. Inflammatory bowel disease B. Irritable bowel syndrome C. Giardiasis D. Lactose intolerance ____ 17. The nurse practitioner is discussing lifestyle changes with a patient diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. What are the nonpharmacological management interventions that should be included? A. Weight reduction and rest 30 minutes after each meal in the supine position B. Elevation of head of the bed 4-6 inches on blocks and weight reduction C. Encouraged to wear restrictive clothing to add support for diaphragmatic breathing D. Using oral mints to relieve gastric distress ____ 18. In differentiating a gastric ulcer from a duodenal ulcer, you know that each type of ulcer can present with distinct signs and symptoms. Which of the following pieces of information from the patient’s history is the least useful for you to determine that the patient has a duodenal ulcer? A. Pain occurs on an empty stomach B. Diffuse epigastric pain C. Rarely associated with non-steroidal use D. Occurs in patients under 40 years of age ____ 19. A 74-year-old obese female presents complaining of persistent right upper quadrant pain. She reports that she has not had any prior abdominal surgeries. Which of the following laboratory studies would be most indicative of acute cholecystitis? A. C-reactive protein level of 3 mg B. White blood cell count of 11,000 C. Direct serum bilirubin level of 0.3 mg/dL D. Serum amylase level of 145 U/L ____ 20. Which of the following is not a contributing factor to the development of esophagitis in older adults? A. Increased gastric emptying time B. Regular ingestion of NSAIDs C. Decreased salivation D. Fungal infections such as Candida MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 5. ANS: D PTS: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 9. ANS: A PTS: 1 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 11. ANS: D PTS: 1 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 13. ANS: C PTS: 1 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 17. ANS: B PTS: 1 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 Chapter 11. Urological and Gynecologic Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of prostate cancer? A. Asians B. Hispanics C. African Americans D. American Indians ____ 2. Men with an initial PSA level below 2.5 ng/ml can reduce their screening frequency to what intervals? A. Every 6 months B. Yearly C. Every 2 years D. Every 2 to 4 years ____ 3. All of the following may be reasons associated with an elevated PSA besides prostate cancer except: A. Prostatitis B. Urinary tract infection C. Perineal trauma D. Digital rectal exam ____ 4. In the diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis, a midstream urine culture is of benefit. To be diagnostic, the specimen should reveal how many white blood cells per high-power field? A. Five B. Ten C. Fifteen D. Twenty ____ 5. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, what is the organism most commonly associated with the disease? A. Klebsiella B. Proteus C. Pseudomonas D. Escherichia coli ____ 6. In acute prostatitis, an exam of the prostate may find the gland to be: A. Nodular B. Cool and pliable C. Swollen and tender D. Asymmetrical ____ 7. All of the following antimicrobials may be indicated in chronic bacterial prostatitis except: A. Ciprofloxacin B. Levofloxacin C. Trimethoprim D. Azithromycin ____ 8. Age-related changes in the bladder, urethra, and ureters include all of the following in older women except: A. Increased estrogen production’s influence on the bladder and ureter B. Decline in bladder outlet function C. Decline in ureteral resistance pressure D. Laxity of the pelvic muscle ____ 9. Mr. Jones is a 68-year-old retired Air Force pilot that has been diagnosed with prostate cancer in the past week. He has never had a surgical procedure in his life and seeks clarification on the availability of treatments for prostate cancer. He asks the nurse practitioner to tell him the side effects of a radical prostatectomy. Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of this procedure? A. Urinary incontinence B. Impotence C. Dribbling urine D. Selected low back pain ____ 10. The nurse practitioner is evaluating a patient’s pelvic muscle strength by digital examination. This is performed when: A. A male patient complains of nocturia and dribbling B. The nurse practitioner needs to confirm a cystocele or stress incontinence C. The patient reports sudden loss of large amounts of urine or urge incontinence D. The nurse practitioner suspects overflow incontinence ____ 11. A pelvic mass in a postmenopausal woman: A. is most commonly due to uterine fibroids. B. is always symptomatic. C. is highly suspicious for ovarian cancer. D. should be monitored over a period of time. ____ 12. A 79-year-old man is being evaluated for frequent urinary dribbling without burning. Physical examination reveals a smooth but slightly enlarged prostate gland. His PSA level is 3.3 ng/mL. The patient undergoes formal urodynamic studies, and findings are as follows: a decreased bladder capacity of 370 mL; a few involuntary detrusor contractions at a low bladder volume of 246 mL; an increased postvoid residual urine volume of 225 mL; and a slightly decreased urinary flow rate. Which of the following is not consistent with a normal age-associated change? A. PSA level of 3.3 ng/mL B. Decreased bladder capacity C. Involuntary detrusor contradictions D. Increased postvoid residual urine volume ____ 13. Mrs. Smith, a 65-year-old woman presents to clinic for the first time and complains of urinary incontinence and dyspareunia. She went through menopause 10 years ago without any hormone replacement therapy and had a hysterectomy for a fibroid. Her mother had a hip fracture at 82 years of age. The patient’s most recent mammogram was 5 years ago and no known family history of breast cancer. She is not taking any medications. Her physical examination is unremarkable except for findings consistent with atrophic vaginitis. You decide to begin topical hormone replacement therapy. Which of the following evaluations would be necessary prior to initiating hormone replacement therapy? A. Mammogram B. Endometrial biopsy C. Bone mineral density measurement D. Papanicolaou smear ____ 14. Mrs. L. Billings is a 77-year-old Caucasian female who has a history of breast cancer. She has been in remission for 6 years. As her primary care provider, you are seeing her for follow-up of her recent complaint of intermittent abdominal pain of a 3-month duration and some general malaise. Given the brief history above, what will you direct your assessment at during physical examination? A. Examination of her thyroid to rule out thyroid nodules that may contribute to her feeling fatigued. B. Auscultation of her abdomen for abnormal bowel sounds to rule out peritonitis. C. Thorough abdominal and gynecological exam to rule out masses and identify any tenderness. D. A rectal examination to rule out colon cancer as a secondary site for breast cancer. ____ 15. A 78-year-old female comes to the office because she has pain when she urinates. She has been seen three times for this problem in the last 3 months. Each time she was told she had a UTI and was given antibiotics. She carefully followed the instructions but has had no relief of symptoms. Last UA: WBCs: 2-3/high-power field RBCs: 0-2/high-power field Epithelial cells: Few Nitrite: Negative Leuckocyte esterase: Negative Which of the following should be done next? A. Obtain a clean catch urine for UA and urine for C&S B. Perform a pelvic examination C. Reassure the patient that she has asymptomatic bacteriuria and does not need A. antibiotics D. Order a pelvic ultrasound MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: C PTS: 1 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 5. ANS: D PTS: 1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 11. ANS: C PTS: 1 12. ANS: D PTS: 1 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 Chapter 12. Musculoskeletal Disorders Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Osteoarthritis of the cervical and lumbar spine causes pain that is related to all of the following except: A. Bone spur formation B. Pressure of the ligaments C. Reactive muscle spasm D. Crystal deposition ____ 2. In differentiating osteoarthritis from chronic gout, pseudogout, or septic arthritis, the most valuable the diagnostic study would be: A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) B. Synovial fluid analysis C. C-reactive protein analysis D. Complete blood cell count ____ 3. Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee often have a distinguishable gait described as: A. Ataxic B. Festinating C. Antalgic D. Steppage ____ 4. Which of the following best describes the pain associated with osteoarthritis? A. Constant, burning, and throbbing with an acute onset? B. Dull and primarily affected by exposure to cold and barometric pressure C. Begins upon arising and after prolonged weight-bearing and/or use of the joint D. Begins in the morning but decreases with activity ____ 5. Joint effusions typically occur later in the course of OA, especially in the: A. Knee B. Elbow C. DIP joints D. Hips ____ 6. You have ordered a CBC for your patient you suspect has polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Which two clinical findings are common in patients with PMR? A. Neutropenia and hypochromic, normocytic anemia B. Normochromic, normocytic anemia and thrombocytosis C. Microcytic, hypochromic anemia and reticulocytopenia D. Macrocytic, hyperchromic anemia and leukocytopenia ____ 7. You suspect that your patient has polymyalgia rheumatica and now are concerned that the patient may also have Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). Which of the following two symptoms are most indicative of GCA and PMR? A. Jaw pain and heart murmur B. Joint swelling and sudden loss of central vision bilaterally C. Hoarseness and the total inability to grasp small objects D. Scalp tenderness and aching in shoulder and pelvic girdle ____ 8. Your 63-year-old Caucasian woman with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) will begin treatment with corticosteroids until the condition has resolved. You look over her records and it has been 2 years since her last physical examination and any laboratory or diagnostic tests as she relocated and had not yet identified a health-care provider. In prioritizing your management plan, your first orders should include: A. Recommending she increase her dietary intake of Calcium and Vitamin D B. Ordering once a year bisphosphonate and a proton pump inhibitor C. Participate in a fall prevention program D. Dual-energy x-ray (DEXA) scan and updating immunizations ____ 9. Which of the following differential diagnosis for patients presenting with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) can be ruled out with a muscle biopsy? A. Parkinson’s disease B. Polymyositis C. Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis D. Giant Cell Arteritis ____ 10. In reviewing laboratory results for patients suspected with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), you realize that there is no definitive test to diagnosis PRM, rather clinical response to treatment. Results you would expect to see include: A. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) greater than 50mm per hour B. Elevated rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (RF and ACPA) C. Decreased C-reactive protein level (CR-P) D. Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ____ 11. Which of the following is the most appropriate laboratory test for monitoring gout therapy over the long-term? A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) B. Completer blood count (CBC) C. Serum urate level D. S