CHD 4537 Exam 1 Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
• Ancient Greece and Rome - Correct answer-o Only two stages of life: childhood
and adulthood
o Childhood ended between ages 5 and 7
o Parenting would be to prepare children into adulthood
o Plato: children should be separated from parent and have state assume
responsibility for childrearing
o Widespread infanticide, child sacrifices, slavery
• Middle Ages to Renaissance (400-1400) - Correct answer-o Assimilation into
adult world occurred at ages 5-7
o Formal education is minimal
o Children's education came only from observing parents
o Parents did not maintain close emotional ties to children due to many dying in
infancy and childhood
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,o Parenting not highest priority, rather focus was on producing food, clothing and
shelter to survive
o Some thought of children as symbols of purity, others perceived children as
innately wicked and evil (original sin), needing punishment and close supervision
o In Italy, some parents sent their children to wet nurses
o Through art, a new sentimentality about infants began to emerge
• Europe and Colonial America (1600-1800) - Correct answer-o Emotional aspects
of parenting began to emerge
o Children are good source of cheap labor
o Stern discipline
o Children should obey their parents
o Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): children were inherently good, but
corrupted by adults. Should allow children to be raised outside of influence of
adults, learning at their own pace (maturationism).
• Industrial Revolution Era (1800-1860) - Correct answer-o Calvinism: advocate
stern harsh use of physical punishment
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,o Environmentalism: John Locke (1632-1704): tabula rasa, that children's minds
were like blank slates at birth. Personality, skills, intelligence all resulted from
learning experiences and interactions with environment.
o Early Developmentalism: advocate early education (nursery schools and
kindergarten). Obedience was valued, but obtained in more humane ways. First
developmental attitudes towards rearing children.
o Fathers were away for a long time so the mother's role became more important
• Twentieth Century - Correct answer-o Parenting perspectives evolved from:
♣ Restrictive, authoritarian and stern advocated by Watson
♣ Permissiveness advocated by Freud & Spock
o Increase in divorce, single parent families, remarriage, stepfamilies.
o Decrease in traditional nuclear family
o Empirical studies begin to emerge which give us a scientific view of parenting
Cultural influences: - Correct answer-• social class, education, or peer values
Developmental time - Correct answer-period of active engagement in child rearing
Structure and nurture - Correct answer-: two dimensions that anchor parenting
behavior
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, Family-of-origin influences - Correct answer-: modeling from the family of your
own childhood
Child influences: - Correct answer-how children impact parental behavior
Disciplinary approach - Correct answer-developmentally appropriate discipline and
structure
Family ecological factors - Correct answer-family structure and trends that affect
family form
Attitudes and parenting styles - Correct answer-• beliefs that influence parental
behavior
No silver bullet - Correct answer-• Parenting is not "one size fits all"
• Diversity in "correct" parenting practices because ALL parents and children are
different.
• Throughout this course, we must keep in mind that not all parenting methods
work as well with certain children and certain parents.
• Research informs what works most of the time for certain populations at different
developmental periods, but there is still individual variation.
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Answers Graded A+
• Ancient Greece and Rome - Correct answer-o Only two stages of life: childhood
and adulthood
o Childhood ended between ages 5 and 7
o Parenting would be to prepare children into adulthood
o Plato: children should be separated from parent and have state assume
responsibility for childrearing
o Widespread infanticide, child sacrifices, slavery
• Middle Ages to Renaissance (400-1400) - Correct answer-o Assimilation into
adult world occurred at ages 5-7
o Formal education is minimal
o Children's education came only from observing parents
o Parents did not maintain close emotional ties to children due to many dying in
infancy and childhood
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,o Parenting not highest priority, rather focus was on producing food, clothing and
shelter to survive
o Some thought of children as symbols of purity, others perceived children as
innately wicked and evil (original sin), needing punishment and close supervision
o In Italy, some parents sent their children to wet nurses
o Through art, a new sentimentality about infants began to emerge
• Europe and Colonial America (1600-1800) - Correct answer-o Emotional aspects
of parenting began to emerge
o Children are good source of cheap labor
o Stern discipline
o Children should obey their parents
o Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): children were inherently good, but
corrupted by adults. Should allow children to be raised outside of influence of
adults, learning at their own pace (maturationism).
• Industrial Revolution Era (1800-1860) - Correct answer-o Calvinism: advocate
stern harsh use of physical punishment
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,o Environmentalism: John Locke (1632-1704): tabula rasa, that children's minds
were like blank slates at birth. Personality, skills, intelligence all resulted from
learning experiences and interactions with environment.
o Early Developmentalism: advocate early education (nursery schools and
kindergarten). Obedience was valued, but obtained in more humane ways. First
developmental attitudes towards rearing children.
o Fathers were away for a long time so the mother's role became more important
• Twentieth Century - Correct answer-o Parenting perspectives evolved from:
♣ Restrictive, authoritarian and stern advocated by Watson
♣ Permissiveness advocated by Freud & Spock
o Increase in divorce, single parent families, remarriage, stepfamilies.
o Decrease in traditional nuclear family
o Empirical studies begin to emerge which give us a scientific view of parenting
Cultural influences: - Correct answer-• social class, education, or peer values
Developmental time - Correct answer-period of active engagement in child rearing
Structure and nurture - Correct answer-: two dimensions that anchor parenting
behavior
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Family-of-origin influences - Correct answer-: modeling from the family of your
own childhood
Child influences: - Correct answer-how children impact parental behavior
Disciplinary approach - Correct answer-developmentally appropriate discipline and
structure
Family ecological factors - Correct answer-family structure and trends that affect
family form
Attitudes and parenting styles - Correct answer-• beliefs that influence parental
behavior
No silver bullet - Correct answer-• Parenting is not "one size fits all"
• Diversity in "correct" parenting practices because ALL parents and children are
different.
• Throughout this course, we must keep in mind that not all parenting methods
work as well with certain children and certain parents.
• Research informs what works most of the time for certain populations at different
developmental periods, but there is still individual variation.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
