CHD4537 Exam Questions and Answers
Graded A+
unidirectional model - Correct answer-The relationship traditionally patterns the
role of the adult as a teacher who is responsible for inculcating appropriate
behavior patterns, values, and attitudes that prepare children for effective
participation in society upon reaching maturity. The child's role is that of being an
active learner. The flow of information is solely from parent to child.
bidirectional model - Correct answer-Both adults and children influence one
another as their relationship experiences developmental changes over time.
Middle Ages - Correct answer-The nature of an infant was taken for granted by
adults. Parents during this time probably had the notion that children needed adult
supervision and care, but apparently this did not include close emotional ties with
adults. The attitude was that children were miniature adults.
Europe and Colonial America - Correct answer-Children were seen as having an
inherently depraved nature. Adults thought that children were basically bad or evil.
Adults prized children because of their usefulness in the colonization process and
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,for being a good source of cheap labor. Play was considered to be sinful. Child
rearing was placed directly in the hands of parents. There was a heavy emphasis on
religious matters and use of harsh disciplinary methods to achieve children's
salvation and obedience to children.
Industrial Revolution - Correct answer-Calvinism—advocated stern, harsh use of
physical punishment and strict moral instruction for children, a strong authoritarian
child rearing style. Environmentalism—tabula rasa, children were believed to be
born with their minds and personalities empty like blank slates, and the child
rearing experiences provided by parents wrote in the traits and became manifested
in their adult personalities. Early Developmentalism—emphasized, (1) the role of
meeting children's developmental needs, (2) the role that parents play in shaping
children's personalities, and (3) the effects of neglect and harsh punishment as well
as gentle care and nurturance on children's developmental progress.
Parenthood as a social construction - Correct answer-The parental role is a social
institution based on a complex of values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that focus
on procreation and the need to care for young. People who assume this role may be
considered by a particular society or culture to be of higher moral stature than
those who do not.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, How parenting beliefs evolved through the 20th century - Correct answer-Behavior
modification based on parental use of positive reinforcement or reward gained over
reliance on physical punishment as the recommended method of socializing
children.
theory - Correct answer-A set of logically related concepts or statements that seek
to describe, explain and predict behavior in a parenting context.
wholeness - Correct answer-We look at the entire family unit to understand a
phenomenon rather than just one person.
interdependence - Correct answer-What affects one person in a family also affects
the other members.
patterns - Correct answer-Behavioral interaction patterns that develop and can
become rigid. Usually happens outside of awareness.
reciprocal interaction - Correct answer-Causality is seen as due to an established
pattern of interaction between two or more people, when one person's behavior
elicts another person's behavior.
rules - Correct answer-Govern behavior that provides common ground for
understanding acceptable and unacceptable behaviors for a family system. Explicit
and implicit.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Graded A+
unidirectional model - Correct answer-The relationship traditionally patterns the
role of the adult as a teacher who is responsible for inculcating appropriate
behavior patterns, values, and attitudes that prepare children for effective
participation in society upon reaching maturity. The child's role is that of being an
active learner. The flow of information is solely from parent to child.
bidirectional model - Correct answer-Both adults and children influence one
another as their relationship experiences developmental changes over time.
Middle Ages - Correct answer-The nature of an infant was taken for granted by
adults. Parents during this time probably had the notion that children needed adult
supervision and care, but apparently this did not include close emotional ties with
adults. The attitude was that children were miniature adults.
Europe and Colonial America - Correct answer-Children were seen as having an
inherently depraved nature. Adults thought that children were basically bad or evil.
Adults prized children because of their usefulness in the colonization process and
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,for being a good source of cheap labor. Play was considered to be sinful. Child
rearing was placed directly in the hands of parents. There was a heavy emphasis on
religious matters and use of harsh disciplinary methods to achieve children's
salvation and obedience to children.
Industrial Revolution - Correct answer-Calvinism—advocated stern, harsh use of
physical punishment and strict moral instruction for children, a strong authoritarian
child rearing style. Environmentalism—tabula rasa, children were believed to be
born with their minds and personalities empty like blank slates, and the child
rearing experiences provided by parents wrote in the traits and became manifested
in their adult personalities. Early Developmentalism—emphasized, (1) the role of
meeting children's developmental needs, (2) the role that parents play in shaping
children's personalities, and (3) the effects of neglect and harsh punishment as well
as gentle care and nurturance on children's developmental progress.
Parenthood as a social construction - Correct answer-The parental role is a social
institution based on a complex of values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that focus
on procreation and the need to care for young. People who assume this role may be
considered by a particular society or culture to be of higher moral stature than
those who do not.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, How parenting beliefs evolved through the 20th century - Correct answer-Behavior
modification based on parental use of positive reinforcement or reward gained over
reliance on physical punishment as the recommended method of socializing
children.
theory - Correct answer-A set of logically related concepts or statements that seek
to describe, explain and predict behavior in a parenting context.
wholeness - Correct answer-We look at the entire family unit to understand a
phenomenon rather than just one person.
interdependence - Correct answer-What affects one person in a family also affects
the other members.
patterns - Correct answer-Behavioral interaction patterns that develop and can
become rigid. Usually happens outside of awareness.
reciprocal interaction - Correct answer-Causality is seen as due to an established
pattern of interaction between two or more people, when one person's behavior
elicts another person's behavior.
rules - Correct answer-Govern behavior that provides common ground for
understanding acceptable and unacceptable behaviors for a family system. Explicit
and implicit.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
