CMIT 320 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
● (true/ false)
The social reality of U.S. criminal law is that it has a dual nature to it.
Answer: True
● Retributionists contend that punishment benefits not only
_______________but also criminals. Answer: society
● Criminal prosecutions are generally brought by
the______________against individuals. Answer: state
● Municipal ordinances often _______________and overlap state
criminal code provisions. Answer: duplicate
● The text case method of the assigned textbook stimulates you to
think_________________about legal principles and their real-world
application. Answer: critically
● Both federal and state legislatures frequently
grant______________agencies the authority to make rules. Answer:
administrative
,● Criminal law enforcement agencies create law
through________________discretionary law making. Answer: informal
● Crime that is inherently wrong or evil, like murder and rape, is called
mala _______ . Answer: in se
● (true/ false) The ban on retroactive criminal lawmaking prevents
officials from punishing conduct they think is wrong but which no
existing criminal law prohibits. Answer: True
● (true/false) The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the right to a jury
trial also guarantees that no increase in sentencing can occur without the
finding of all relevant facts by a judge. Answer: False
● Under the Eighth Amendment, punishments must be
_______________ to the offense. Answer: proportionate
● In a __________ democracy, the majority can't make a crime out of
conduct protected by the fundamental rights in the U.S. Constitution.
Answer: constitutional
● Defendants in criminal cases enjoy a presumption of ______ Answer:
innocence
, ● The principle of ________ means that the punishment should fit the
crime. Answer: proportionality
● The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that the
federal government shall not deny any individual life, liberty, or
property without ______________ of law. Answer: due process
● The principle of legality establishes: "No crime without___ no
punishment without ____ ." Answer: Law, Law
● (true/ false) The Constitution bans pure status as a basis for criminal
liability. Answer: True
● The voluntary act is the first principle of criminal ________ Answer:
Liability
● The actus _______________ is the act element of the crime. Answer:
reus
● The mens _______________is the mental element of the crime.
Answer: rea
● The ____________ element requires that the mental element trigger
the act. Answer: concurrence
ANSWERS GRADED A+
● (true/ false)
The social reality of U.S. criminal law is that it has a dual nature to it.
Answer: True
● Retributionists contend that punishment benefits not only
_______________but also criminals. Answer: society
● Criminal prosecutions are generally brought by
the______________against individuals. Answer: state
● Municipal ordinances often _______________and overlap state
criminal code provisions. Answer: duplicate
● The text case method of the assigned textbook stimulates you to
think_________________about legal principles and their real-world
application. Answer: critically
● Both federal and state legislatures frequently
grant______________agencies the authority to make rules. Answer:
administrative
,● Criminal law enforcement agencies create law
through________________discretionary law making. Answer: informal
● Crime that is inherently wrong or evil, like murder and rape, is called
mala _______ . Answer: in se
● (true/ false) The ban on retroactive criminal lawmaking prevents
officials from punishing conduct they think is wrong but which no
existing criminal law prohibits. Answer: True
● (true/false) The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the right to a jury
trial also guarantees that no increase in sentencing can occur without the
finding of all relevant facts by a judge. Answer: False
● Under the Eighth Amendment, punishments must be
_______________ to the offense. Answer: proportionate
● In a __________ democracy, the majority can't make a crime out of
conduct protected by the fundamental rights in the U.S. Constitution.
Answer: constitutional
● Defendants in criminal cases enjoy a presumption of ______ Answer:
innocence
, ● The principle of ________ means that the punishment should fit the
crime. Answer: proportionality
● The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that the
federal government shall not deny any individual life, liberty, or
property without ______________ of law. Answer: due process
● The principle of legality establishes: "No crime without___ no
punishment without ____ ." Answer: Law, Law
● (true/ false) The Constitution bans pure status as a basis for criminal
liability. Answer: True
● The voluntary act is the first principle of criminal ________ Answer:
Liability
● The actus _______________ is the act element of the crime. Answer:
reus
● The mens _______________is the mental element of the crime.
Answer: rea
● The ____________ element requires that the mental element trigger
the act. Answer: concurrence
