CYAF 471 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Odds of conceiving - Correct answer-Odds are against it...
o Although ejaculate commonly contains 200-400 million sperm, only a few
hundred actually reach the ovum
o Ovum can live maximum of 24 hours after ovulation without fertilization
o At least 99% of sperm die within 72 hours of ejaculation
Odds increase if...
o Intercourse takes place a few days before to shortly after ovulation (i.e., a few
hours)
o During intercourse, couple uses male-above position and female remains lying
down after ejaculation
Causes and treatment of infertility - Correct answer-Causes include...
o Anatomical abnormalities - e.g., endometriosis, scarring from STIs
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,o Age - female fertility declines after 30; male fertility declines less
o Abnormalities in sperm count/motility (motion)
o Substance abuse - e.g., alcohol, marijuana, narcotics, tobacco
o Environmental toxins - e.g., radiation, auto exhaust
Treatment -
o Nonmedical - for low sperm counters, ejaculate no more often than every 48
hours, wear looser shorts, avoid hot baths
o Medications - clomiphene increases rates of FSH and LH, and Pergonal increases
FSH, stimulating ovulation
o Surgery - for example...
- Removal of scar tissue in fallopian tubes
- Varicose veins in scrotum
o Gestational carrier (surrogate mother) - volunteer who undergoes artificial
insemination or in vitro fertilization
o Artificial insemination - partner or donor semen inserted into vagina, cervix, or
uterus
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,o In vitro fertilization (IVF) -
- Ovaries are hormonally stimulated to release multiple eggs, which are removed,
fertilized by sperm in a lab, then (ideally) two are introduced into uterus
Gestational carrier - Correct answer-Surrogate mother; volunteer who undergoes
artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization
Artificial insemination - Correct answer-Partner or donor semen inserted into
vagina, cervix, or uterus
In vitro fertilization - Correct answer-Ovaries are hormonally stimulated to release
multiple eggs, which are removed, fertilized by sperm in a lab, then (ideally) two
are introduced into uterus; Success rates about 30%
Early signs of pregnancy - Correct answer-o Missed or slight menstrual period
o Breast tingling/tenderness - can also be caused by impending menstruation
o Fatigue
o Nausea/vomiting - experienced by 80% of pregnant women
o Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - Correct answer-hormone produced by an
embryo following implantation. The hormone helps maintain the uteral lining
during pregnancy. The presence of HCG is detected in pregnancy tests.
Spontaneous abortion - Correct answer-The spontaneous expulsion of the fetus
from the uterus early in pregnancy, before it can survive on its own.
Self-care in pregnancy - Correct answer--Diet—eat 300 more calories per day.
o Average-weight moms should gain 25-35 pounds (more with multiple births).
o To prevent spinal chord abnormalities, increase folic acid.
-Sex—usually safe unless pregnancy is at risk for miscarriage or prematurity.
-Medications—check with physician/pharmacist to determine if are safe in
pregnancy.
-Environmental hazards—avoid , long soaks in hot tubs, and x-rays.
Viability/quickening - Correct answer-Viability: Age at which fetus can possibly
survive outside womb - at about week 24.
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Answers Graded A+
Odds of conceiving - Correct answer-Odds are against it...
o Although ejaculate commonly contains 200-400 million sperm, only a few
hundred actually reach the ovum
o Ovum can live maximum of 24 hours after ovulation without fertilization
o At least 99% of sperm die within 72 hours of ejaculation
Odds increase if...
o Intercourse takes place a few days before to shortly after ovulation (i.e., a few
hours)
o During intercourse, couple uses male-above position and female remains lying
down after ejaculation
Causes and treatment of infertility - Correct answer-Causes include...
o Anatomical abnormalities - e.g., endometriosis, scarring from STIs
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,o Age - female fertility declines after 30; male fertility declines less
o Abnormalities in sperm count/motility (motion)
o Substance abuse - e.g., alcohol, marijuana, narcotics, tobacco
o Environmental toxins - e.g., radiation, auto exhaust
Treatment -
o Nonmedical - for low sperm counters, ejaculate no more often than every 48
hours, wear looser shorts, avoid hot baths
o Medications - clomiphene increases rates of FSH and LH, and Pergonal increases
FSH, stimulating ovulation
o Surgery - for example...
- Removal of scar tissue in fallopian tubes
- Varicose veins in scrotum
o Gestational carrier (surrogate mother) - volunteer who undergoes artificial
insemination or in vitro fertilization
o Artificial insemination - partner or donor semen inserted into vagina, cervix, or
uterus
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,o In vitro fertilization (IVF) -
- Ovaries are hormonally stimulated to release multiple eggs, which are removed,
fertilized by sperm in a lab, then (ideally) two are introduced into uterus
Gestational carrier - Correct answer-Surrogate mother; volunteer who undergoes
artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization
Artificial insemination - Correct answer-Partner or donor semen inserted into
vagina, cervix, or uterus
In vitro fertilization - Correct answer-Ovaries are hormonally stimulated to release
multiple eggs, which are removed, fertilized by sperm in a lab, then (ideally) two
are introduced into uterus; Success rates about 30%
Early signs of pregnancy - Correct answer-o Missed or slight menstrual period
o Breast tingling/tenderness - can also be caused by impending menstruation
o Fatigue
o Nausea/vomiting - experienced by 80% of pregnant women
o Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - Correct answer-hormone produced by an
embryo following implantation. The hormone helps maintain the uteral lining
during pregnancy. The presence of HCG is detected in pregnancy tests.
Spontaneous abortion - Correct answer-The spontaneous expulsion of the fetus
from the uterus early in pregnancy, before it can survive on its own.
Self-care in pregnancy - Correct answer--Diet—eat 300 more calories per day.
o Average-weight moms should gain 25-35 pounds (more with multiple births).
o To prevent spinal chord abnormalities, increase folic acid.
-Sex—usually safe unless pregnancy is at risk for miscarriage or prematurity.
-Medications—check with physician/pharmacist to determine if are safe in
pregnancy.
-Environmental hazards—avoid , long soaks in hot tubs, and x-rays.
Viability/quickening - Correct answer-Viability: Age at which fetus can possibly
survive outside womb - at about week 24.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
