BIOL 1090 Midterm
Comprehensive Questions and
Solutions Graded A+
cell division - Answer: the process by which cells make more cells; mitosis for stem or body cells,
and meiosis for germ or sex cells
eukaryotes - Answer: cells that contain nuclei, use mitosis by cytokinesis
prokaryotes - Answer: cells that do not contain nuclei, use binary fission to split
G1 phase - Answer: stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
S phase - Answer: the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which
DNA is replicated
G2 phase - Answer: stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles in
preparation for mitosis
M phase - Answer: mitosis, chromosomal separation, and cytokinesis
interphase - Answer: period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
, homologous chromosomes - Answer: chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and
the same structure
mitosis - Answer: asexual reproduction in unicellular eukaryotes
ploidy - Answer: the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
haploid - Answer: one complete set of chromosomes, germ cells (n)
diploid - Answer: two complete sets of chromosomes in homologous pairs, somatic/stem cells
(2n)
prophase - Answer: chromosomes condense, radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite
poles
prometaphase - Answer: microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes, nuclear
envelop degrades, sister chromatids make a chromosome, kinetochores attach to centromeres
kinetochores - Answer: form attachments between microtubules and the mitotic spindle
metaphase - Answer: chromosomes align in the center of the cell, spindle pole is where the
centrosomes align
anaphase - Answer: sister chromatids separate, centromere splits, travel towards opposite poles
telophase - Answer: nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense to form their
normal coily form
Comprehensive Questions and
Solutions Graded A+
cell division - Answer: the process by which cells make more cells; mitosis for stem or body cells,
and meiosis for germ or sex cells
eukaryotes - Answer: cells that contain nuclei, use mitosis by cytokinesis
prokaryotes - Answer: cells that do not contain nuclei, use binary fission to split
G1 phase - Answer: stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
S phase - Answer: the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which
DNA is replicated
G2 phase - Answer: stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles in
preparation for mitosis
M phase - Answer: mitosis, chromosomal separation, and cytokinesis
interphase - Answer: period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
, homologous chromosomes - Answer: chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and
the same structure
mitosis - Answer: asexual reproduction in unicellular eukaryotes
ploidy - Answer: the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
haploid - Answer: one complete set of chromosomes, germ cells (n)
diploid - Answer: two complete sets of chromosomes in homologous pairs, somatic/stem cells
(2n)
prophase - Answer: chromosomes condense, radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite
poles
prometaphase - Answer: microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes, nuclear
envelop degrades, sister chromatids make a chromosome, kinetochores attach to centromeres
kinetochores - Answer: form attachments between microtubules and the mitotic spindle
metaphase - Answer: chromosomes align in the center of the cell, spindle pole is where the
centrosomes align
anaphase - Answer: sister chromatids separate, centromere splits, travel towards opposite poles
telophase - Answer: nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense to form their
normal coily form
