PSY 370 Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers
What |are |the |key |questions |of |the |trait |approach?
-How |we |should |conceptualize |traits?
-Which |traits |are |most |important?
-What |is |the |best |system |for |organizing |all |the |known |traits?
Act |frequency |formulation |of |traits
Defines |traits |as |patterns |of |specific |behaviors |(categories |of |acts), |with |a |
person's |trait |level |being |determined |by |the |frequency |of |behaviors |
associated |with |that |trait.
Treats |traits |as |descriptions |rather |than |causes |of |behaviors.
Act |frequency |research
1) |Act |nomination: |identify |which |acts |belong |in |which |trait |categories
2) |Prototypicality |judgements: |expert |determines |which |acts |are |most |central |
to |each |trait |category
3) |Recording |act |performance: |measure |the |actual |behavior
Criticism |of |act |frequency |formulation
-Doesn't |account |for |the |role |of |context |in |behavior.
-Ignores |differences |in |opportunities |to |display |traits.
-Struggles |to |capture |complex |or |dynamic |traits.
-Differences |in |how |others |vs. |self |report |traits |("self-other |agreement")
Approaches |in |identifying |the |most |important |traits
Lexical |Approach
Statistical |Approach
Theoretical |Approach
Lexical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
, Synonym |frequency
Cross |cultural |universality
(More |important |traits |have |more |synonyms)
Statistical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
Factor |analysis
Patterns |of |correlation
Theoretical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
Top-down
Limited |by |accuracy |of |theory
Eysench's |Hierarchical |Model
Traits |should |be |rooted |in |biology |(heritable, |identifiable |physiological |
substrate)
Top-Level |Traits: |PEN |- |Psychoticism, |Extraversion-introversion, |Neuroticism-
emotional |stability
Cattell's |16 |Personality |Factors
-Used |factor |analysis |to |uncover |16 |behavior |factors
-Relied |on |exploratory |factor |analysis
-Emphasized |consistency |across |data |sources
-Used |vitamin |naming |scheme
The |Wiggins |Circumplex
-Measurement |scales |to |assess |traits
-Started |with |the |lexical |assumption
-Argued |that |trait |terms |specify |different |ways |individuals |differ
7 |Ways |people |differ |according |to |Wiggins
Interpersonal
Temperament
Character
Material
Attitude
Mental
Physical
Norman's |markers |for |the |Big |Five
Correct Answers
What |are |the |key |questions |of |the |trait |approach?
-How |we |should |conceptualize |traits?
-Which |traits |are |most |important?
-What |is |the |best |system |for |organizing |all |the |known |traits?
Act |frequency |formulation |of |traits
Defines |traits |as |patterns |of |specific |behaviors |(categories |of |acts), |with |a |
person's |trait |level |being |determined |by |the |frequency |of |behaviors |
associated |with |that |trait.
Treats |traits |as |descriptions |rather |than |causes |of |behaviors.
Act |frequency |research
1) |Act |nomination: |identify |which |acts |belong |in |which |trait |categories
2) |Prototypicality |judgements: |expert |determines |which |acts |are |most |central |
to |each |trait |category
3) |Recording |act |performance: |measure |the |actual |behavior
Criticism |of |act |frequency |formulation
-Doesn't |account |for |the |role |of |context |in |behavior.
-Ignores |differences |in |opportunities |to |display |traits.
-Struggles |to |capture |complex |or |dynamic |traits.
-Differences |in |how |others |vs. |self |report |traits |("self-other |agreement")
Approaches |in |identifying |the |most |important |traits
Lexical |Approach
Statistical |Approach
Theoretical |Approach
Lexical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
, Synonym |frequency
Cross |cultural |universality
(More |important |traits |have |more |synonyms)
Statistical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
Factor |analysis
Patterns |of |correlation
Theoretical |approach |in |identifying |important |traits
Top-down
Limited |by |accuracy |of |theory
Eysench's |Hierarchical |Model
Traits |should |be |rooted |in |biology |(heritable, |identifiable |physiological |
substrate)
Top-Level |Traits: |PEN |- |Psychoticism, |Extraversion-introversion, |Neuroticism-
emotional |stability
Cattell's |16 |Personality |Factors
-Used |factor |analysis |to |uncover |16 |behavior |factors
-Relied |on |exploratory |factor |analysis
-Emphasized |consistency |across |data |sources
-Used |vitamin |naming |scheme
The |Wiggins |Circumplex
-Measurement |scales |to |assess |traits
-Started |with |the |lexical |assumption
-Argued |that |trait |terms |specify |different |ways |individuals |differ
7 |Ways |people |differ |according |to |Wiggins
Interpersonal
Temperament
Character
Material
Attitude
Mental
Physical
Norman's |markers |for |the |Big |Five
