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Vocabulary list Module 4
Synonyms/descriptions
Module 4A
Reading
Communal
A communal society is one in which everyone
lives and works together and property and
possessions are shared rather than being
owned by a particular person.
Deep sleep Diepe slaap
Assumption something that you accept as true without
question or proof:
People tend to make assumptions about you
when you have a disability.
universal Existing everywhere or involving everyone:
A universal truth
flawed not perfect, or containing mistakes:
Diamonds are still valuable, even when they
are flawed.
investigations the act or process of examining a crime,
problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to
discover the truth
Lack of research Not doing enough research
Allot to give something, especially a share of
something available, for a particular purpose:
They allotted everyone a separate desk.
Bear a resemblance Two people or things that look like eachother
Initiate to cause something to begin:
Who initiated the violence?
Invaluable extremely useful:
The new job will provide you with invaluable
experience.
Nuisance something or someone that annoys you or
causes trouble for you:
I've forgotten my umbrella - what a nuisance!
Relegated to put someone or something into a lower or
less important rank or position:
She resigned when she was relegated to a
desk job.
Ritual a set of fixed actions and sometimes words
performed regularly, especially as part of a
ceremony:
Coffee and the newspaper are part of my
morning ritual.
Slump (v) (of prices, values, or sales) to fall suddenly:
The value of property has slumped.
Stifle to (cause to) be unable to breathe because
you have no air:
He is said to have stifled his victim with a
pillow.
Twist (n) to turn something, especially repeatedly, or to
turn or wrap one thing around another:
The path twists and turns for over a mile.
Vocabulary
Doze to have a short sleep, especially during the
1
, day:
My cat likes dozing in front of the fire.
Kip to sleep, especially in a place that is not your
home:
You can have my bed and I'll kip (down) on the
sofa.
Nap A short sleep
Slumber A short sleep
Snooze A short sleep
crash A short sleep
drift to move slowly, especially as a result of
outside forces, with no control over direction:
No one noticed that the boat had begun to drift
out to sea.
drop to fall or to allow something to fall:
She dropped her keys.
As and when at the time that something happens:
We don't own a car - we just rent one as and
when we need it.
By and large when everything about a situation is
considered together:
There are a few small things that I don't like
about my job, but by and large it's very
enjoyable.
Off and on happening or existing only some of the time:
He worked off and on as a bicycle messenger,
but he never found permanent work.
Part and parcel to be a feature of something, especially a
feature that cannot be avoided:
Being recognized in the street is part and
parcel of being a celebrity.
Through thick and thin If you support or stay with someone through
thick and thin, you always support or stay with
them, even if there are problems or difficulties:
She has stuck with me through thick and thin.
Touch and go If a situation is touch-and-go, it is uncertain:
The doctor says that it's touch-and-go whether
Mary will be okay.
Phrasal nouns
Intake an act of taking in something, especially
breath:
I heard a sharp intake of breath behind me.
Onset the moment at which something unpleasant
begins:
the onset of winter
Back-up (someone or something that provides) support
or help, or something that you have arranged
in case your main plans, equipment, etc. go
wrong:
We're going to need some professional backup
for this project.
Back up If traffic backs up, the vehicles have to wait in a
long line because there are too many of them:
The traffic is starting to back up on the M25.
Setback something that happens that delays or
prevents a process from developing: There has
been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.
Letdown a disappointment:
2
Vocabulary list Module 4
Synonyms/descriptions
Module 4A
Reading
Communal
A communal society is one in which everyone
lives and works together and property and
possessions are shared rather than being
owned by a particular person.
Deep sleep Diepe slaap
Assumption something that you accept as true without
question or proof:
People tend to make assumptions about you
when you have a disability.
universal Existing everywhere or involving everyone:
A universal truth
flawed not perfect, or containing mistakes:
Diamonds are still valuable, even when they
are flawed.
investigations the act or process of examining a crime,
problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to
discover the truth
Lack of research Not doing enough research
Allot to give something, especially a share of
something available, for a particular purpose:
They allotted everyone a separate desk.
Bear a resemblance Two people or things that look like eachother
Initiate to cause something to begin:
Who initiated the violence?
Invaluable extremely useful:
The new job will provide you with invaluable
experience.
Nuisance something or someone that annoys you or
causes trouble for you:
I've forgotten my umbrella - what a nuisance!
Relegated to put someone or something into a lower or
less important rank or position:
She resigned when she was relegated to a
desk job.
Ritual a set of fixed actions and sometimes words
performed regularly, especially as part of a
ceremony:
Coffee and the newspaper are part of my
morning ritual.
Slump (v) (of prices, values, or sales) to fall suddenly:
The value of property has slumped.
Stifle to (cause to) be unable to breathe because
you have no air:
He is said to have stifled his victim with a
pillow.
Twist (n) to turn something, especially repeatedly, or to
turn or wrap one thing around another:
The path twists and turns for over a mile.
Vocabulary
Doze to have a short sleep, especially during the
1
, day:
My cat likes dozing in front of the fire.
Kip to sleep, especially in a place that is not your
home:
You can have my bed and I'll kip (down) on the
sofa.
Nap A short sleep
Slumber A short sleep
Snooze A short sleep
crash A short sleep
drift to move slowly, especially as a result of
outside forces, with no control over direction:
No one noticed that the boat had begun to drift
out to sea.
drop to fall or to allow something to fall:
She dropped her keys.
As and when at the time that something happens:
We don't own a car - we just rent one as and
when we need it.
By and large when everything about a situation is
considered together:
There are a few small things that I don't like
about my job, but by and large it's very
enjoyable.
Off and on happening or existing only some of the time:
He worked off and on as a bicycle messenger,
but he never found permanent work.
Part and parcel to be a feature of something, especially a
feature that cannot be avoided:
Being recognized in the street is part and
parcel of being a celebrity.
Through thick and thin If you support or stay with someone through
thick and thin, you always support or stay with
them, even if there are problems or difficulties:
She has stuck with me through thick and thin.
Touch and go If a situation is touch-and-go, it is uncertain:
The doctor says that it's touch-and-go whether
Mary will be okay.
Phrasal nouns
Intake an act of taking in something, especially
breath:
I heard a sharp intake of breath behind me.
Onset the moment at which something unpleasant
begins:
the onset of winter
Back-up (someone or something that provides) support
or help, or something that you have arranged
in case your main plans, equipment, etc. go
wrong:
We're going to need some professional backup
for this project.
Back up If traffic backs up, the vehicles have to wait in a
long line because there are too many of them:
The traffic is starting to back up on the M25.
Setback something that happens that delays or
prevents a process from developing: There has
been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.
Letdown a disappointment:
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