NS 832 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Non-invasive markers indicating CAD - Answers -CRP
-interleukin-6
-monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
First-line testing for CAD - Answers Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT)
Who qualifies for a ETT? - Answers symptomatic patients (chest pain/dyspnea w/ exertion) who
are at intermediate risk of ACS
What indicates a positive ETT? - Answers -EKG changes (ST segment and T-wave)
-Angina
-Hypotension
Contraindications for ETT? - Answers -active endocarditis
-decompensated heart failure
-recent acute MI or stroke
-exercise intolerance
-persistent stable angina
-uncontrolled arrhythmia
-uncontrolled hypertension/tachycardia
Medications used for pharmacologic stress testing - Answers -vasodilators (dipyridamole or
adenosine)
-inotropic-chronotropics (dobutamine)
Diagnostic testing for CAD in women - Answers -CAD is leading cause of death in women
-testing isn't as accurate for women
-ETT is indicated for women with DM and PAD (high risk factors) and those who are
symptomatic but have a normal resting ECG, good exercise tolerance and no risk factors
-Stress test indicated if they are symptomatic but do not meet requirements for ETT (abnormal
ECG, known CAD, questionable exercise tolerance, coronary risk factors)
Coronary heart disease (CHD) includes: - Answers -MI
,-angina pectoris
-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
-chronic ischemic heart disease
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CHD - Answers -women
-African Americans
-old age
-family history
Modifiable risk factors for CHD - Answers -diet
-exercise
-tobacco use
-DM, HTN, HLD, obesity
-stress
CHD lifestyle modifications for secondary prevention - Answers -tobacco cessation
-blood pressure control
-statin therapy
-30min of exercise, 5-7 days a week
-weight management
-Hgb A1C <7%
CHD medications for secondary prevention - Answers -aspirin
-beta blockers
-ACE inhibitors
-flu vaccine
Silent MI - Answers -a myocardial infarction that does not exhibit the classic signs of a heart
attack, such as chest pain radiating from the left shoulder down the arm
-more common in diabetics
Prinzmetal angina - Answers -spontaneous, unprovoked, episodic chest pain at rest
, -unknown patho but can result in obstruction, angina, and MI
Unstable angina - Answers -chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting
himself
-not relieved by nitro
Causes of MI - Answers -increased myocardial O2 demand (tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis,
bacterial or viral illness)
-decreased myocardial O2 supply (thrombus initiating inflammatory response, vasoconstriction
of coronary artery, intralumenal narrowing over time)
Sxs of stable angina - Answers -occur w/ predictable frequency, severity, duration and
provocation
-chest pain, dyspnea with exertion, diaphoresis, N/V, diarrhea, fatigue
-relieved with rest, nitro and generally only last 1-3 minutes
-no longer "stable" if it lasts >20 minutes - seek medical attention
History questions for patient with angina - Answers -precipitating factors (exertion, meals,
stress, cold)
-quality (pressure, squeezing, burning, stabbing)
-radiation (shoulders, arms, wrists, neck, jaw, back)
-relief measures (rest, nitro, food)
-severity (1-10)
-timing (activity, bedtime, mealtime, duration)
Diagnostics for stable angina - Answers -ECG (during episodes of angina)
-ETT/stress test
-CTA
Contraindications for CTA - Answers -pregnancy
-contrast allergy
-hyperparathyroidism
-renal insufficiency
Non-invasive markers indicating CAD - Answers -CRP
-interleukin-6
-monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
First-line testing for CAD - Answers Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT)
Who qualifies for a ETT? - Answers symptomatic patients (chest pain/dyspnea w/ exertion) who
are at intermediate risk of ACS
What indicates a positive ETT? - Answers -EKG changes (ST segment and T-wave)
-Angina
-Hypotension
Contraindications for ETT? - Answers -active endocarditis
-decompensated heart failure
-recent acute MI or stroke
-exercise intolerance
-persistent stable angina
-uncontrolled arrhythmia
-uncontrolled hypertension/tachycardia
Medications used for pharmacologic stress testing - Answers -vasodilators (dipyridamole or
adenosine)
-inotropic-chronotropics (dobutamine)
Diagnostic testing for CAD in women - Answers -CAD is leading cause of death in women
-testing isn't as accurate for women
-ETT is indicated for women with DM and PAD (high risk factors) and those who are
symptomatic but have a normal resting ECG, good exercise tolerance and no risk factors
-Stress test indicated if they are symptomatic but do not meet requirements for ETT (abnormal
ECG, known CAD, questionable exercise tolerance, coronary risk factors)
Coronary heart disease (CHD) includes: - Answers -MI
,-angina pectoris
-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
-chronic ischemic heart disease
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CHD - Answers -women
-African Americans
-old age
-family history
Modifiable risk factors for CHD - Answers -diet
-exercise
-tobacco use
-DM, HTN, HLD, obesity
-stress
CHD lifestyle modifications for secondary prevention - Answers -tobacco cessation
-blood pressure control
-statin therapy
-30min of exercise, 5-7 days a week
-weight management
-Hgb A1C <7%
CHD medications for secondary prevention - Answers -aspirin
-beta blockers
-ACE inhibitors
-flu vaccine
Silent MI - Answers -a myocardial infarction that does not exhibit the classic signs of a heart
attack, such as chest pain radiating from the left shoulder down the arm
-more common in diabetics
Prinzmetal angina - Answers -spontaneous, unprovoked, episodic chest pain at rest
, -unknown patho but can result in obstruction, angina, and MI
Unstable angina - Answers -chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting
himself
-not relieved by nitro
Causes of MI - Answers -increased myocardial O2 demand (tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis,
bacterial or viral illness)
-decreased myocardial O2 supply (thrombus initiating inflammatory response, vasoconstriction
of coronary artery, intralumenal narrowing over time)
Sxs of stable angina - Answers -occur w/ predictable frequency, severity, duration and
provocation
-chest pain, dyspnea with exertion, diaphoresis, N/V, diarrhea, fatigue
-relieved with rest, nitro and generally only last 1-3 minutes
-no longer "stable" if it lasts >20 minutes - seek medical attention
History questions for patient with angina - Answers -precipitating factors (exertion, meals,
stress, cold)
-quality (pressure, squeezing, burning, stabbing)
-radiation (shoulders, arms, wrists, neck, jaw, back)
-relief measures (rest, nitro, food)
-severity (1-10)
-timing (activity, bedtime, mealtime, duration)
Diagnostics for stable angina - Answers -ECG (during episodes of angina)
-ETT/stress test
-CTA
Contraindications for CTA - Answers -pregnancy
-contrast allergy
-hyperparathyroidism
-renal insufficiency
