Diabetes mellitus
🍬 DIABETES MELLITUS — SIMPLE & DETAILED
1. What is Diabetes Mellitus?
•Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the blood sugar (glucose) level is too high.
•This happens because the body cannot make enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly.
•Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.
•It helps glucose enter cells to give energy.
•Without proper insulin → glucose stays in blood → high blood sugar → damage to organs over
time.
, 2. Types of Diabetes
A. Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin-dependent)
•Usually develops in children or young adults.
•Pancreas does not produce insulin.
•Causes: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
•Requires lifelong insulin injections.
B. Type 2 Diabetes (Non-insulin-dependent)
•Usually develops in adults, sometimes in children.
•Body cannot use insulin properly (insulin resistance).
•May also have low insulin production later.
•Causes: Obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetics.
•Treatment: Lifestyle changes, oral medicines, sometimes insulin.
C. Gestational Diabetes
•Develops during pregnancy.
•Usually goes away after delivery, but increases risk of type 2 diabetes later.
D. Other Types
•Caused by certain medicines, pancreatic disease, or genetic syndromes.
3. Causes & Risk Factors
•Genetics/family history
•Obesity/overweight
🍬 DIABETES MELLITUS — SIMPLE & DETAILED
1. What is Diabetes Mellitus?
•Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the blood sugar (glucose) level is too high.
•This happens because the body cannot make enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly.
•Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.
•It helps glucose enter cells to give energy.
•Without proper insulin → glucose stays in blood → high blood sugar → damage to organs over
time.
, 2. Types of Diabetes
A. Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin-dependent)
•Usually develops in children or young adults.
•Pancreas does not produce insulin.
•Causes: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
•Requires lifelong insulin injections.
B. Type 2 Diabetes (Non-insulin-dependent)
•Usually develops in adults, sometimes in children.
•Body cannot use insulin properly (insulin resistance).
•May also have low insulin production later.
•Causes: Obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetics.
•Treatment: Lifestyle changes, oral medicines, sometimes insulin.
C. Gestational Diabetes
•Develops during pregnancy.
•Usually goes away after delivery, but increases risk of type 2 diabetes later.
D. Other Types
•Caused by certain medicines, pancreatic disease, or genetic syndromes.
3. Causes & Risk Factors
•Genetics/family history
•Obesity/overweight
