NPB 101 Renal Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
what are the main functions of the kidneys (5) - Correct answer-regulate plasma
and interstitial fluid (ECF) by formation of urine
eliminate foreign drugs/chemicals
function as glands (production of Erythropoietin, 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D; renin)
GNG
what do kidneys regulate in the process of urine formation - Correct answer-
volume of blood plasma, which contributes to blood pressure
waste products in plasma
electrolyte concentration
plasma pH
describe the general structure of the renal cortex and medulla. what do renal
pyramids contain? - Correct answer-Cortex contains many capillaries and outer
parts of nephrons
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,Medulla consists of renal pyramids separated by renal columns
Pyramid contains minor calyces which unite to form a major calyx
what is/are the function(s) of the minor calyces and major calyx - Correct answer-
how much blood is filtered per day - Correct answer-180L
about how much plasma is reabsorbed in filtration process? - Correct answer-90%
Fluid _________ from the blood in the glomerular capillaries is altered by
__________ and __________ along the length of the 1,000,000 nephrons/kidney. -
Correct answer-Fluid filtered from the blood in the glomerular capillaries is altered
by reabsorption and secretion along the length of the 1,000,000 nephrons/kidney.
what are the three general functions/processes of the kidneys that fluid goes
through - Correct answer-glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular
secretion
what are the two constituents of the nephron? where (in cortex, medulla, or crosses
into both) is each constituent? - Correct answer-renal corpuscle (vascular
component) in the cortex
and the renal tubule (tubular component) begins at corpuscle and extends into
medulla
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, describe the flow of fluid through the nephron starting with the glomerulus and
ending with the renal pelvis. For each component of the path, indicate if it is part
of the corpuscle or tubular component - Correct answer-renal corpuscle: (afferent
arteriole-->) glomerulus (-->efferent arteriole)-->Bowman's capsule
renal tubule: (bowman's capsule-->) proximal convoluted tubule --> descending
loop of henle --> ascending loop of Henle -->distal convoluted tubule --> cortical
collecting duct --> medullary collecting duct --> renal pelvis (not within medulla
but drains the fluids from the tubules in the medulla to the ureter)
What are the blood vessels that receive the substances that are reabsorbed out of
the renal tubules? - Correct answer-peritubular capillaries
the two fundamental components of the renal corpuscle are the glomerulus and the
bowman's capsule, describe them - Correct answer-glomerulus: composed of
fenestrated capillary (have holes) epithelium covered by a visceral layer of
podocytes
Bowman's capsule: receives fluid that filters out of capillaries
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Answers Graded A+
what are the main functions of the kidneys (5) - Correct answer-regulate plasma
and interstitial fluid (ECF) by formation of urine
eliminate foreign drugs/chemicals
function as glands (production of Erythropoietin, 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D; renin)
GNG
what do kidneys regulate in the process of urine formation - Correct answer-
volume of blood plasma, which contributes to blood pressure
waste products in plasma
electrolyte concentration
plasma pH
describe the general structure of the renal cortex and medulla. what do renal
pyramids contain? - Correct answer-Cortex contains many capillaries and outer
parts of nephrons
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Medulla consists of renal pyramids separated by renal columns
Pyramid contains minor calyces which unite to form a major calyx
what is/are the function(s) of the minor calyces and major calyx - Correct answer-
how much blood is filtered per day - Correct answer-180L
about how much plasma is reabsorbed in filtration process? - Correct answer-90%
Fluid _________ from the blood in the glomerular capillaries is altered by
__________ and __________ along the length of the 1,000,000 nephrons/kidney. -
Correct answer-Fluid filtered from the blood in the glomerular capillaries is altered
by reabsorption and secretion along the length of the 1,000,000 nephrons/kidney.
what are the three general functions/processes of the kidneys that fluid goes
through - Correct answer-glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular
secretion
what are the two constituents of the nephron? where (in cortex, medulla, or crosses
into both) is each constituent? - Correct answer-renal corpuscle (vascular
component) in the cortex
and the renal tubule (tubular component) begins at corpuscle and extends into
medulla
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, describe the flow of fluid through the nephron starting with the glomerulus and
ending with the renal pelvis. For each component of the path, indicate if it is part
of the corpuscle or tubular component - Correct answer-renal corpuscle: (afferent
arteriole-->) glomerulus (-->efferent arteriole)-->Bowman's capsule
renal tubule: (bowman's capsule-->) proximal convoluted tubule --> descending
loop of henle --> ascending loop of Henle -->distal convoluted tubule --> cortical
collecting duct --> medullary collecting duct --> renal pelvis (not within medulla
but drains the fluids from the tubules in the medulla to the ureter)
What are the blood vessels that receive the substances that are reabsorbed out of
the renal tubules? - Correct answer-peritubular capillaries
the two fundamental components of the renal corpuscle are the glomerulus and the
bowman's capsule, describe them - Correct answer-glomerulus: composed of
fenestrated capillary (have holes) epithelium covered by a visceral layer of
podocytes
Bowman's capsule: receives fluid that filters out of capillaries
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
