ETSU- ADULT CARE 1 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
WBCs? - ANS below 4,000 or above 12,000
WBC bands - ANS more than 10% bands
heart rate? - ANS greater than 90 bpm
respiratory - ANS above 20
temperature - ANS above 101 or below 96.8
5 labs ordered to test for sepsis - ANS CBC, coagulation times, blood glucose, kidney function,
and liver function, blood cultures
what does blood culture times 2 mean? - ANS draw from two different sites, 5 minutes apart
what stage of sepsis does patient appear to be improving? - ANS severe sepsis
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,S/S of early sepsis - ANS mild hypotension, decreased urine output (>20 ml/h), increased
respiratory rate (>20), elevated wbc, appropriate clotting factors, hypodynamic state
s/s of severe sepsis - ANS improved bp, improved cardiac output, elevated heart rate, skin is
pink and warm, mental status or behavior changes
s/s of shock - ANS low bp, low cardiac output, high hr, skin is cool, clammy, mottling, pallor,
cyanosis
sepsis treatment bundle within 3 hours - ANS obtain blood cultures, obtain lactate,
administer broad spectrum antibiotics until source identified, vancomycin and zosyn or
vancomycin and meropenem, other combinations depending on source of infection, administer
a fluid challenge for hypotension or lactate > 4 mmol/L
sepsis treatment bundle within 6 hours - ANS vasopressors given for hypotension resistant to
fluid resuscitation, hemodynamic monitoring, remeasure lactic acid
adrenal insufficiency - ANS adrenal support with a low dose of corticosteriods
blood glucose levels - ANS keep between 110-150 mg/dL
anticoagulant therapy - ANS heparin can help limit inappropriate clotting factors
administration of blood products - ANS used for poor clotting factors, platelet transfusion is
the best for septic shock patients
vasoconstrictor - ANS Norepinephrine
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,pulmonary contusion - ANS bruise of the lung that can cause the lung to fill with fluid, blood
and impair gas exchange
s/s of pulmonary contusion - ANS dyspnea (shortness of breath) and hypoxemia (low oxygen
in blood)
flail chest - ANS unequal lung expansion and chest expansion due to injury and mediastinal
shift to unaffected side
pneumothorax (generalised) - ANS collapsed lung caused by air in the pleural space
Open pneumothorax - ANS collapsed lung caused by air Outside of the pleural space
closed pneumothorax (spontaneous lung disease) - ANS collapsed lung caused by air trapped
inside of the pleural space
tension pneumothorax - ANS collapsed lung creating a one way valve and causing tracheal
deviation
signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax - ANS hypotension
JVD
tachypnea
tracheal deviation
hemothorax - ANS blood in pleural space
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, pleural effusion - ANS fluid in the pleural space
respiratory intervention/treatment - ANS Assess respiratory status
Diagnose
Plan to administer oxygen
Intervene by getting ABGs, HOB elevated, Incentive spirometer,
Evaluate pain status
PEEP- positive end expiratory pressure - ANS provides positive pressure at the end of
expiration
what devices provide PEEP - ANS BiPAP/CPAP
CPAP - ANS delivers set pressure throughout expiration and expiration
BiPAP - ANS cycles different pressures at inspiration and expiration
chest tube - ANS a tube inserted in the pleural space to remove air, blood, fluids and to
restore lung reexpansion
what forms of chest trauma are chest tubes used for? - ANS hemothorax, pneumothorax,
pleural effusion, pulmonary empyema, post op procedure
water seal - ANS has no suction
dry suction - ANS amount of suction is control on drainage system
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
WBCs? - ANS below 4,000 or above 12,000
WBC bands - ANS more than 10% bands
heart rate? - ANS greater than 90 bpm
respiratory - ANS above 20
temperature - ANS above 101 or below 96.8
5 labs ordered to test for sepsis - ANS CBC, coagulation times, blood glucose, kidney function,
and liver function, blood cultures
what does blood culture times 2 mean? - ANS draw from two different sites, 5 minutes apart
what stage of sepsis does patient appear to be improving? - ANS severe sepsis
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,S/S of early sepsis - ANS mild hypotension, decreased urine output (>20 ml/h), increased
respiratory rate (>20), elevated wbc, appropriate clotting factors, hypodynamic state
s/s of severe sepsis - ANS improved bp, improved cardiac output, elevated heart rate, skin is
pink and warm, mental status or behavior changes
s/s of shock - ANS low bp, low cardiac output, high hr, skin is cool, clammy, mottling, pallor,
cyanosis
sepsis treatment bundle within 3 hours - ANS obtain blood cultures, obtain lactate,
administer broad spectrum antibiotics until source identified, vancomycin and zosyn or
vancomycin and meropenem, other combinations depending on source of infection, administer
a fluid challenge for hypotension or lactate > 4 mmol/L
sepsis treatment bundle within 6 hours - ANS vasopressors given for hypotension resistant to
fluid resuscitation, hemodynamic monitoring, remeasure lactic acid
adrenal insufficiency - ANS adrenal support with a low dose of corticosteriods
blood glucose levels - ANS keep between 110-150 mg/dL
anticoagulant therapy - ANS heparin can help limit inappropriate clotting factors
administration of blood products - ANS used for poor clotting factors, platelet transfusion is
the best for septic shock patients
vasoconstrictor - ANS Norepinephrine
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,pulmonary contusion - ANS bruise of the lung that can cause the lung to fill with fluid, blood
and impair gas exchange
s/s of pulmonary contusion - ANS dyspnea (shortness of breath) and hypoxemia (low oxygen
in blood)
flail chest - ANS unequal lung expansion and chest expansion due to injury and mediastinal
shift to unaffected side
pneumothorax (generalised) - ANS collapsed lung caused by air in the pleural space
Open pneumothorax - ANS collapsed lung caused by air Outside of the pleural space
closed pneumothorax (spontaneous lung disease) - ANS collapsed lung caused by air trapped
inside of the pleural space
tension pneumothorax - ANS collapsed lung creating a one way valve and causing tracheal
deviation
signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax - ANS hypotension
JVD
tachypnea
tracheal deviation
hemothorax - ANS blood in pleural space
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, pleural effusion - ANS fluid in the pleural space
respiratory intervention/treatment - ANS Assess respiratory status
Diagnose
Plan to administer oxygen
Intervene by getting ABGs, HOB elevated, Incentive spirometer,
Evaluate pain status
PEEP- positive end expiratory pressure - ANS provides positive pressure at the end of
expiration
what devices provide PEEP - ANS BiPAP/CPAP
CPAP - ANS delivers set pressure throughout expiration and expiration
BiPAP - ANS cycles different pressures at inspiration and expiration
chest tube - ANS a tube inserted in the pleural space to remove air, blood, fluids and to
restore lung reexpansion
what forms of chest trauma are chest tubes used for? - ANS hemothorax, pneumothorax,
pleural effusion, pulmonary empyema, post op procedure
water seal - ANS has no suction
dry suction - ANS amount of suction is control on drainage system
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
