📘 JUDICIARY – SUPREME COURT OF
INDIA
1. Introduction
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and the guardian of the
Constitution.
It ensures justice, protects fundamental rights, and maintains the rule of law in the country.
It was established on 26 January 1950 under Article 124 of the Constitution.
2. Composition of the Supreme Court
● One Chief Justice of India (CJI)
● Maximum 34 judges (including CJI)
(I.e., CJI + 33 Judges)
3. Appointment of Judges
(a) Appointed by the President
The President appoints SC judges based on the recommendation of the Collegium system.
(b) Collegium System
Includes:
, ● Chief Justice of India
● Four senior-most Supreme Court judges
They recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
4. Qualifications (Article 124)
To be a judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be:
● Citizen of India
● Judge of High Court for 5 years, OR
● Advocate in High Court for 10 years, OR
● Distinguished jurist (in the opinion of the President)
5. Tenure of Judges
● Hold office till 65 years of age
● Can resign by writing to the President
● Can be removed by impeachment for proven misbehavior or incapacity
6. Removal (Impeachment)
● Removed by President after a special majority of both Houses of Parliament
● Very difficult procedure
● Till date, no Supreme Court judge has been removed
7. Independence of Judiciary
Guaranteed through:
● Fixed tenure
● High salaries
● Removal only by impeachment
● Freedom to work without government interference
● Separation of powers (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary)
INDIA
1. Introduction
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and the guardian of the
Constitution.
It ensures justice, protects fundamental rights, and maintains the rule of law in the country.
It was established on 26 January 1950 under Article 124 of the Constitution.
2. Composition of the Supreme Court
● One Chief Justice of India (CJI)
● Maximum 34 judges (including CJI)
(I.e., CJI + 33 Judges)
3. Appointment of Judges
(a) Appointed by the President
The President appoints SC judges based on the recommendation of the Collegium system.
(b) Collegium System
Includes:
, ● Chief Justice of India
● Four senior-most Supreme Court judges
They recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
4. Qualifications (Article 124)
To be a judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be:
● Citizen of India
● Judge of High Court for 5 years, OR
● Advocate in High Court for 10 years, OR
● Distinguished jurist (in the opinion of the President)
5. Tenure of Judges
● Hold office till 65 years of age
● Can resign by writing to the President
● Can be removed by impeachment for proven misbehavior or incapacity
6. Removal (Impeachment)
● Removed by President after a special majority of both Houses of Parliament
● Very difficult procedure
● Till date, no Supreme Court judge has been removed
7. Independence of Judiciary
Guaranteed through:
● Fixed tenure
● High salaries
● Removal only by impeachment
● Freedom to work without government interference
● Separation of powers (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary)
