NRSG 357 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS L
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is the difference between the aqueous humor and vitreous humor? - ANS aqueous
humor: watery fluid between the cornea and the lens; maintains pressure, provides nutrition
vitreous humor/gel: clear gel behind the lens, in front of the retina; must be clear enough to
allow light to pass thru
what are some examples of normal eye changes as we age? - ANS -dryness
-changes in color perception, especially blue and violet
-cataracts
-slower recovery of pupil or focus
-blurring of vision
________ is also called nearsightedness - ANS myopia
can see things close up but not far away
______ is also called farshightedness - ANS hyperopia; might also be called presbyopia
can see things far away but not close up
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,what is astigmatism? - ANS defect in the eye or lens caused by a deviation from spherical
curvature that results in distorted images
what is aphakia? - ANS absence of the lens of the eye (surgically or congenital anomaly);
what are two nursing considerations for patients with vision loss? - ANS -help patients
maintain as much independence as possible
-adjust environment to ensure patient safety: increase lighting, remove rugs, etc.
sudden visual loss of any type is ____ ________ - ANS an emergency
what are cataracts? - ANS an opacity in the lens that distorts images projected onto the
retina
what are some clinical manifestations of cataracts? - ANS -gradual vision loss, decreased
vision overall
-abnormal color perception
-glare, especially at night when the pupil dilates
-milky appearance of the eye
what are some risk factors for developing cataracts? - ANS -age
-trauma: blunt or penetrating
-radiation/UV light exposure
-corticosteroid use
-poorly controlled diabetes
true or false: patients typically have pain with cataracts - ANS false: there is no pain
associated with cataracts (typically)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,true or false: age related cataract formation is associated with pain and eye redness -
ANS false
true or false: early manifestations of cataracts include blurred vision and decreased color
perception - ANS true
true or false: a cataract is opacity of the lens that distorts the image projected onto the retina -
ANS true
true or false: cataracts will develop in both eyes at the same rate - ANS false
what is nonsurgical treatment (glasses, increased lighting, lifestyle adjustment) considered for
patients with cataracts? - ANS palliative not curative
what are some nonsurgical treatments of cataracts? - ANS -prescribe or change the
prescription of glasses
-increased lighting
-adjust lifestyle (not driving at night to avoid glare, remove clutter at home)
what is done in cataract surgery/how are cataracts removed? - ANS phacoemulsification--an
ultrasonic tool breaks up the cataract into tiny pieces, which is then sucked out of the eye and
an artificial lens is replaced
what are 3 eye drops patients might get before cataract/eye surgery? - ANS -mydriatic:
dilates the pupil
-cycloplegic: paralyzes ciliary muscle--paralysis of accommodation
-NSAID drops: helps keep inflammation down, maintains pupil dilation
what is important to teach the patient pre-op and post-op regarding eye drops? - ANS -how
to properly self-administer eye drops
-the frequency that drops must be administered
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -potential side effects of the drugs
what patient teaching is important pre-op regarding cataract surgery? - ANS inform patients
that they will be awake but reassure them that they will not feel pain; this will decrease their
anxiety for the surgery
what is one nursing consideration with mydriatic eye drops? - ANS can elevate BP and HR,
especially in elderly patients
what are some safety concerns/considerations after cataract surgery? - ANS -depth
perception will be off w/ eyepatch
-remove rugs and clutter to avoid falls
-wear eyepatch to prevent rubbing/scratching
-avoid activities that increase IOP
name examples of activities that increase IOP: - ANS -bending from the waist
-blowing their nose
-straining to have a BM
-vomiting
-sexual intercourse
health promotion activities to prevent cataracts: - ANS -sunglasses when outside
-avoid UV exposure/radiation
-increase intake of vitamins C and E
what might you teach your patient regarding pain after surgery for cataracts? - ANS -should
have little to no pain
-take mild analgesics for pain (Tylenol)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS L
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is the difference between the aqueous humor and vitreous humor? - ANS aqueous
humor: watery fluid between the cornea and the lens; maintains pressure, provides nutrition
vitreous humor/gel: clear gel behind the lens, in front of the retina; must be clear enough to
allow light to pass thru
what are some examples of normal eye changes as we age? - ANS -dryness
-changes in color perception, especially blue and violet
-cataracts
-slower recovery of pupil or focus
-blurring of vision
________ is also called nearsightedness - ANS myopia
can see things close up but not far away
______ is also called farshightedness - ANS hyperopia; might also be called presbyopia
can see things far away but not close up
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,what is astigmatism? - ANS defect in the eye or lens caused by a deviation from spherical
curvature that results in distorted images
what is aphakia? - ANS absence of the lens of the eye (surgically or congenital anomaly);
what are two nursing considerations for patients with vision loss? - ANS -help patients
maintain as much independence as possible
-adjust environment to ensure patient safety: increase lighting, remove rugs, etc.
sudden visual loss of any type is ____ ________ - ANS an emergency
what are cataracts? - ANS an opacity in the lens that distorts images projected onto the
retina
what are some clinical manifestations of cataracts? - ANS -gradual vision loss, decreased
vision overall
-abnormal color perception
-glare, especially at night when the pupil dilates
-milky appearance of the eye
what are some risk factors for developing cataracts? - ANS -age
-trauma: blunt or penetrating
-radiation/UV light exposure
-corticosteroid use
-poorly controlled diabetes
true or false: patients typically have pain with cataracts - ANS false: there is no pain
associated with cataracts (typically)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,true or false: age related cataract formation is associated with pain and eye redness -
ANS false
true or false: early manifestations of cataracts include blurred vision and decreased color
perception - ANS true
true or false: a cataract is opacity of the lens that distorts the image projected onto the retina -
ANS true
true or false: cataracts will develop in both eyes at the same rate - ANS false
what is nonsurgical treatment (glasses, increased lighting, lifestyle adjustment) considered for
patients with cataracts? - ANS palliative not curative
what are some nonsurgical treatments of cataracts? - ANS -prescribe or change the
prescription of glasses
-increased lighting
-adjust lifestyle (not driving at night to avoid glare, remove clutter at home)
what is done in cataract surgery/how are cataracts removed? - ANS phacoemulsification--an
ultrasonic tool breaks up the cataract into tiny pieces, which is then sucked out of the eye and
an artificial lens is replaced
what are 3 eye drops patients might get before cataract/eye surgery? - ANS -mydriatic:
dilates the pupil
-cycloplegic: paralyzes ciliary muscle--paralysis of accommodation
-NSAID drops: helps keep inflammation down, maintains pupil dilation
what is important to teach the patient pre-op and post-op regarding eye drops? - ANS -how
to properly self-administer eye drops
-the frequency that drops must be administered
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -potential side effects of the drugs
what patient teaching is important pre-op regarding cataract surgery? - ANS inform patients
that they will be awake but reassure them that they will not feel pain; this will decrease their
anxiety for the surgery
what is one nursing consideration with mydriatic eye drops? - ANS can elevate BP and HR,
especially in elderly patients
what are some safety concerns/considerations after cataract surgery? - ANS -depth
perception will be off w/ eyepatch
-remove rugs and clutter to avoid falls
-wear eyepatch to prevent rubbing/scratching
-avoid activities that increase IOP
name examples of activities that increase IOP: - ANS -bending from the waist
-blowing their nose
-straining to have a BM
-vomiting
-sexual intercourse
health promotion activities to prevent cataracts: - ANS -sunglasses when outside
-avoid UV exposure/radiation
-increase intake of vitamins C and E
what might you teach your patient regarding pain after surgery for cataracts? - ANS -should
have little to no pain
-take mild analgesics for pain (Tylenol)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
