NRSG 357: CANCER CARE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS L LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is interphase? - ANS Period where the cell spends most of its time, primarily have cell
growth occur, but no cell division, this is where most cells live, expect cancer
What is G1 phase? - ANS the first part of interphase, longest phase of the cell cycle, where
we produce extra organelles such as ribosomes and proteins
What is G0 phase? - ANS no more cell division-cells go here sometimes instead of S
What is S phase? - ANS synthesis phase, DNA synthesis-this is where the DNA replicates
What is G2 phase? - ANS another growth phase where we are more directly preparing for
mitosis
What is mitosis? - ANS active cell division
What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)? - ANS -Protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle
(mitosis; kinases add a phosphate group);
-works together with cyclins;
-always present in a cell, but their default function is to be inactive
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How are CDK activated? - ANS -Cyclin proteins
-specific cyclins made at specific times
What happens when the tumor suppressor loses its function? - ANS -Tumors are able to grow
because the cell cycle is not controlled
-Cancer. Tumors have a defect in p53. P21 does not lead to cancer when it is defected.
What is hyperplasia? - ANS Increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell
proliferation
What is hypertrophy? - ANS The increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the
enlargement of its component cells
What is dysplasia? - ANS Presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue which can
signify cancer
What is metaplasia? - ANS The reversible transformation of one differentiated cell type to
another
What is apoptosis? - ANS The normal occurrence of cellular death
What is contact inhibition? - ANS Regulatory mechanism that functions to keep cells growing
into a layer one cell thick
What is angiogenesis? - ANS The development of new blood vessels
What is protoonocgene? - ANS Normal cell genes that regulate the normal cell processes
What is onocgene? - ANS Tumor inducing genes
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is tumor suppressor gene? - ANS regulate cell growth
What is neoplasm? - ANS A new growth of abnormal tissue that is uncontrolled and
progressive
What is a neoplastic? - ANS cancer
What is cancer? - ANS -A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated
cell growth
-is an umbrella term
-ALL are genetic (a mutation on the cells DNA); is genetic but not always hereditary
Who does cancer affect? - ANS affects all ages, ethnic groups, both genders
Is cancer hereditary? - ANS -Hereditary NOT ALWAYS (less common; 5-10%);
-if it is inherited will develop cancer at an earlier age
What is a benign tumor? - ANS -non-cancerous
-capsule around the group of cells, due to capsule will not invade cells around it, does not
spread to other parts of the body
-well differentiated
What is a malignant tumor? - ANS -cancerous
-no capsule, no tissue that protects the cells
-irregular boarder
-multiply too fast, inner part of tumor there will be necrosis, outside cells will be supplied by
blood cells
-can stimulate growth of new blood vessels around tumor
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS L LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is interphase? - ANS Period where the cell spends most of its time, primarily have cell
growth occur, but no cell division, this is where most cells live, expect cancer
What is G1 phase? - ANS the first part of interphase, longest phase of the cell cycle, where
we produce extra organelles such as ribosomes and proteins
What is G0 phase? - ANS no more cell division-cells go here sometimes instead of S
What is S phase? - ANS synthesis phase, DNA synthesis-this is where the DNA replicates
What is G2 phase? - ANS another growth phase where we are more directly preparing for
mitosis
What is mitosis? - ANS active cell division
What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)? - ANS -Protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle
(mitosis; kinases add a phosphate group);
-works together with cyclins;
-always present in a cell, but their default function is to be inactive
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How are CDK activated? - ANS -Cyclin proteins
-specific cyclins made at specific times
What happens when the tumor suppressor loses its function? - ANS -Tumors are able to grow
because the cell cycle is not controlled
-Cancer. Tumors have a defect in p53. P21 does not lead to cancer when it is defected.
What is hyperplasia? - ANS Increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell
proliferation
What is hypertrophy? - ANS The increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the
enlargement of its component cells
What is dysplasia? - ANS Presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue which can
signify cancer
What is metaplasia? - ANS The reversible transformation of one differentiated cell type to
another
What is apoptosis? - ANS The normal occurrence of cellular death
What is contact inhibition? - ANS Regulatory mechanism that functions to keep cells growing
into a layer one cell thick
What is angiogenesis? - ANS The development of new blood vessels
What is protoonocgene? - ANS Normal cell genes that regulate the normal cell processes
What is onocgene? - ANS Tumor inducing genes
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is tumor suppressor gene? - ANS regulate cell growth
What is neoplasm? - ANS A new growth of abnormal tissue that is uncontrolled and
progressive
What is a neoplastic? - ANS cancer
What is cancer? - ANS -A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated
cell growth
-is an umbrella term
-ALL are genetic (a mutation on the cells DNA); is genetic but not always hereditary
Who does cancer affect? - ANS affects all ages, ethnic groups, both genders
Is cancer hereditary? - ANS -Hereditary NOT ALWAYS (less common; 5-10%);
-if it is inherited will develop cancer at an earlier age
What is a benign tumor? - ANS -non-cancerous
-capsule around the group of cells, due to capsule will not invade cells around it, does not
spread to other parts of the body
-well differentiated
What is a malignant tumor? - ANS -cancerous
-no capsule, no tissue that protects the cells
-irregular boarder
-multiply too fast, inner part of tumor there will be necrosis, outside cells will be supplied by
blood cells
-can stimulate growth of new blood vessels around tumor
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
