NRSG 357: OP AND OA EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS L LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Define osteopenia - ANS bone loss that is more than normal but not yet at the level for a
diagnosis of osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis (OP) - ANS -chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease marked by low
bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and can lose it
function
-Due to imbalance between reabsorption and deposition (resorption exceeds deposition)
-aka "silent thief"
Where do spontaneous fractures occur? - ANS hips, vertebra, ribs
What are risk factors for OP? - ANS -Advancing age >65
-Female gender
-Low body weight
-White or Asian ethnicity
-Current cigarette smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Estrogen deficiency in women
-Family history of osteoporosis
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Diet low in calcium or vitamin D deficiency
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Low testosterone in men
-Long term use of corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin, long acting sedatives, or
antiseizure drugs
What prevention can be done for OP? - ANS -Adequate vitamin D intake
-Adequate calcium intake
-Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, turnip greens, cottage cheese, ice cream, sardines and
spinach
-Regular physical activity
What is the etiology and pathology of OP? - ANS Peak bone mass is achieved before age 20
and is determined by: heredity, nutrition, exercise, and hormone function. Bone loss from
midlife onward is inevitable. Bone is continually being deposited by osteoblasts and resorbed by
osteoclasts, rates of bone deposition and resorption are usually equal so total bone mass
remains constant. In osteoporosis, bone resorption exceeds bone deposition.
What are symptoms/complications of OP? - ANS -Occurs most often in bones of the spine,
hips, wrists, ribs
-A person who has one vertebral fracture from osteoporosis has an increased risk of a second
one within one year
-Won't see fracture in x-ray
-Will become shorter
-Humped thoracic spine (kyphosis or "dowager's hump")
What are early manifestations of OP? - ANS -back pain and spontaneous fractures
-Loss of bone mass causes bones to become mechanically weaker and prone to spontaneous
fractures or fractures from minimal trauma
-Micro-fractures freq (bones break, little pieces at a time)
-Pain: back pain, pain in legs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS L LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Define osteopenia - ANS bone loss that is more than normal but not yet at the level for a
diagnosis of osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis (OP) - ANS -chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease marked by low
bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and can lose it
function
-Due to imbalance between reabsorption and deposition (resorption exceeds deposition)
-aka "silent thief"
Where do spontaneous fractures occur? - ANS hips, vertebra, ribs
What are risk factors for OP? - ANS -Advancing age >65
-Female gender
-Low body weight
-White or Asian ethnicity
-Current cigarette smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Estrogen deficiency in women
-Family history of osteoporosis
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Diet low in calcium or vitamin D deficiency
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Low testosterone in men
-Long term use of corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin, long acting sedatives, or
antiseizure drugs
What prevention can be done for OP? - ANS -Adequate vitamin D intake
-Adequate calcium intake
-Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, turnip greens, cottage cheese, ice cream, sardines and
spinach
-Regular physical activity
What is the etiology and pathology of OP? - ANS Peak bone mass is achieved before age 20
and is determined by: heredity, nutrition, exercise, and hormone function. Bone loss from
midlife onward is inevitable. Bone is continually being deposited by osteoblasts and resorbed by
osteoclasts, rates of bone deposition and resorption are usually equal so total bone mass
remains constant. In osteoporosis, bone resorption exceeds bone deposition.
What are symptoms/complications of OP? - ANS -Occurs most often in bones of the spine,
hips, wrists, ribs
-A person who has one vertebral fracture from osteoporosis has an increased risk of a second
one within one year
-Won't see fracture in x-ray
-Will become shorter
-Humped thoracic spine (kyphosis or "dowager's hump")
What are early manifestations of OP? - ANS -back pain and spontaneous fractures
-Loss of bone mass causes bones to become mechanically weaker and prone to spontaneous
fractures or fractures from minimal trauma
-Micro-fractures freq (bones break, little pieces at a time)
-Pain: back pain, pain in legs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
