NUA 361 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Intracellular fluid - ANS 2/3 of fluid in the body most of which is located in the skeletal
muscle
extracellular fluid - ANS 1/3rd of fluid in the body, which consists of intravascular, interstitial,
and transcellular fluid
intravascular fluid - ANS 3.5L is plasma, 2.5 L are RBCs and WBCs; total of 6L
interstitial fluid - ANS space between the cells, tissues, organs, and blood vessels; 10 L in an
adult
transcellular fluid - ANS 1L located in cerebrospinal space, pericardial space, intraocular
space, pleural and peritoneal cavity
Which fluid volume affects blood pressure? - ANS intravascular
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,less than 100 - ANS If systolic blood pressure is at this level, then it is considered low and the
patient likely needs CPR
osmolality - ANS number of solutes per kilogram
osmolarity - ANS number of solutes per liter
What type of fluid in the body is lost first? - ANS Extracellular fluid, specifically interstitial
fluid
What symptom occurs when intracellular fluid is lost? - ANS Confusion due to brain cells
shrinking
Clinical s/s of third spacing - ANS hypotension, tachycardia, low CVP (>2)
third spacing - ANS Resembles fluid volume deficit, but there is weight gain and a higher
intake than output (decreased UOP despite adequate fluid intake)
How to treat third spacing: - ANS give fluid
Common causes of third spacing - ANS burns, trauma (massive bleeding into joint or cavity),
sepsis (ex. peritonitis), bowel obstruction
Hydrostatic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by fluid on walls of blood vessel; pushes fluid
out of capillary toward ICF (push out of capillary)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Osmotic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by solutes within plasma; pulls fluid into capillary
from ICF (pull in to capillary)
Oncotic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by albumin within the bloodstream that pulls fluid
into the capillary
low albumin results in - ANS decreased pressure on the capillary walls, which causes edema
protein (albumin) - ANS treatment for edema when there is low albumin in the bloodstream
Crystalloids - ANS clear IV fluids that are used to temporarily replace fluid loss; often used
temporarily because they are cheaper and easier to administer
Types of Crystalloids - ANS NS, D5W, LR (all isotonic)
Colloids - ANS replace fluid loss; require a written prescription; much more expensive
Types of colloids - ANS albumin, hetastarch, dextran, blood, plasma
Isotonic - ANS fluid moves back and forth to maintain equilibrium
Hypotonic - ANS cells swell (ex. .45% NS)
Hypertonic - ANS cells shrink/shrivel (ex. 3% NS); given only in the ICU/ emergencies as giving
this solution could result in pulmonary edema so listen to lung sounds
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Intracellular fluid - ANS 2/3 of fluid in the body most of which is located in the skeletal
muscle
extracellular fluid - ANS 1/3rd of fluid in the body, which consists of intravascular, interstitial,
and transcellular fluid
intravascular fluid - ANS 3.5L is plasma, 2.5 L are RBCs and WBCs; total of 6L
interstitial fluid - ANS space between the cells, tissues, organs, and blood vessels; 10 L in an
adult
transcellular fluid - ANS 1L located in cerebrospinal space, pericardial space, intraocular
space, pleural and peritoneal cavity
Which fluid volume affects blood pressure? - ANS intravascular
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,less than 100 - ANS If systolic blood pressure is at this level, then it is considered low and the
patient likely needs CPR
osmolality - ANS number of solutes per kilogram
osmolarity - ANS number of solutes per liter
What type of fluid in the body is lost first? - ANS Extracellular fluid, specifically interstitial
fluid
What symptom occurs when intracellular fluid is lost? - ANS Confusion due to brain cells
shrinking
Clinical s/s of third spacing - ANS hypotension, tachycardia, low CVP (>2)
third spacing - ANS Resembles fluid volume deficit, but there is weight gain and a higher
intake than output (decreased UOP despite adequate fluid intake)
How to treat third spacing: - ANS give fluid
Common causes of third spacing - ANS burns, trauma (massive bleeding into joint or cavity),
sepsis (ex. peritonitis), bowel obstruction
Hydrostatic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by fluid on walls of blood vessel; pushes fluid
out of capillary toward ICF (push out of capillary)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Osmotic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by solutes within plasma; pulls fluid into capillary
from ICF (pull in to capillary)
Oncotic pressure - ANS pressure exerted by albumin within the bloodstream that pulls fluid
into the capillary
low albumin results in - ANS decreased pressure on the capillary walls, which causes edema
protein (albumin) - ANS treatment for edema when there is low albumin in the bloodstream
Crystalloids - ANS clear IV fluids that are used to temporarily replace fluid loss; often used
temporarily because they are cheaper and easier to administer
Types of Crystalloids - ANS NS, D5W, LR (all isotonic)
Colloids - ANS replace fluid loss; require a written prescription; much more expensive
Types of colloids - ANS albumin, hetastarch, dextran, blood, plasma
Isotonic - ANS fluid moves back and forth to maintain equilibrium
Hypotonic - ANS cells swell (ex. .45% NS)
Hypertonic - ANS cells shrink/shrivel (ex. 3% NS); given only in the ICU/ emergencies as giving
this solution could result in pulmonary edema so listen to lung sounds
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
