PSYCHOLOGY CUMULATIVE EXAM REVIEW
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ *Psychology is BEST described as: Answer: The science of mind
and behavior
◉ *The intellectual roots of modern psychology arose primarily
from the disciplines of Answer: Philosophy and physiology
◉ *The development of ideas in science is provisional, meaning that:
Answer: all ideas are subject to revision or rejection in light of new
evidence or information
◉ *Empirical evidence refers to the evidence that is the result of:
Answer: direct observation and experimentation
◉ *The historical origins of Western Philosophy extend back:
Answer: Over two thousand years ago, to the city-states of the Greek
islands
,◉ *It is an innate characteristic of certain species of North American
Birds to fly south in the winter and to build nests in the spring.
These behaviors are example of Answer: Instincts
◉ *French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes was a
proponent of "Dualism", meaning that he believed: Answer: 1)
Animals lack souls and merely behave reflexively
2) The non-physical soul influences the physical human body
through the pineal gland
3) Humans have reflexes but also have souls and can act consciously
◉ *Signing Frued was a ____ who attempted to treat his patients by
_____. Answer: Psychiatrists / helping them uncover their
subconscious urges, fears, and drives
◉ *Wilhelm Wundt established the first laboratory to investigate
psychological phenomena scientifically, relying upon introspection
in an attempt to identify fundamental components of consciousness.
Be and others who used similar methods were referred to as:
Answer: Structuralists
◉ *An approach to investigating psychological phenomena that
relies strictly upon observing, recording, and drawing inferences
from the directly ovservable actions of research subjects is most
consistent with: Answer: Behaviorism
, ◉ *The foundation established by Alfred Nobel to annually award
prizes in recognition of significant contributions to scientific
understanding was made possible by the vast fortune Nobel's ____
had earned him during his lifetime Answer: Invention of dynamite
◉ *The theory that "descent with modification" and "natural
selection" are the primary forces that have shaped the form and
function of all life on earth was first proposed in the book On the
Origin or Species by Natural Selection, published in 1859, and
written by: Answer: Charles Darwin
◉ *During the early twentieth century, ___ psychology emerged in
Austria and Germany in contrast to the structuralist approach, with
an emphasis on identifying fundamental principles of perception,
and how we perceive the "whole" to be greater than the sum of its
parts Answer: Gestalt
◉ *A long-standing question in developmental psychology about the
relative roles of heredity and environmental influences in shaping
the characteristics of an individual is often referred to as the ___
debate Answer: Nature vs nurture
◉ *the Hawthorn Effect refers to the situation in which: Answer: The
behavior of subjects changes in response to the presence of
observers
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ *Psychology is BEST described as: Answer: The science of mind
and behavior
◉ *The intellectual roots of modern psychology arose primarily
from the disciplines of Answer: Philosophy and physiology
◉ *The development of ideas in science is provisional, meaning that:
Answer: all ideas are subject to revision or rejection in light of new
evidence or information
◉ *Empirical evidence refers to the evidence that is the result of:
Answer: direct observation and experimentation
◉ *The historical origins of Western Philosophy extend back:
Answer: Over two thousand years ago, to the city-states of the Greek
islands
,◉ *It is an innate characteristic of certain species of North American
Birds to fly south in the winter and to build nests in the spring.
These behaviors are example of Answer: Instincts
◉ *French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes was a
proponent of "Dualism", meaning that he believed: Answer: 1)
Animals lack souls and merely behave reflexively
2) The non-physical soul influences the physical human body
through the pineal gland
3) Humans have reflexes but also have souls and can act consciously
◉ *Signing Frued was a ____ who attempted to treat his patients by
_____. Answer: Psychiatrists / helping them uncover their
subconscious urges, fears, and drives
◉ *Wilhelm Wundt established the first laboratory to investigate
psychological phenomena scientifically, relying upon introspection
in an attempt to identify fundamental components of consciousness.
Be and others who used similar methods were referred to as:
Answer: Structuralists
◉ *An approach to investigating psychological phenomena that
relies strictly upon observing, recording, and drawing inferences
from the directly ovservable actions of research subjects is most
consistent with: Answer: Behaviorism
, ◉ *The foundation established by Alfred Nobel to annually award
prizes in recognition of significant contributions to scientific
understanding was made possible by the vast fortune Nobel's ____
had earned him during his lifetime Answer: Invention of dynamite
◉ *The theory that "descent with modification" and "natural
selection" are the primary forces that have shaped the form and
function of all life on earth was first proposed in the book On the
Origin or Species by Natural Selection, published in 1859, and
written by: Answer: Charles Darwin
◉ *During the early twentieth century, ___ psychology emerged in
Austria and Germany in contrast to the structuralist approach, with
an emphasis on identifying fundamental principles of perception,
and how we perceive the "whole" to be greater than the sum of its
parts Answer: Gestalt
◉ *A long-standing question in developmental psychology about the
relative roles of heredity and environmental influences in shaping
the characteristics of an individual is often referred to as the ___
debate Answer: Nature vs nurture
◉ *the Hawthorn Effect refers to the situation in which: Answer: The
behavior of subjects changes in response to the presence of
observers
