PHM 431 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Drug addiction is both a.... - ANS medical problem -- disorder attributed to a measurable
change in function and/or structure of cell tissues/organs
psychological problem -- behaviors that negatively impact multiple life areas creating stress
What factors contribute to substance use disorder/drug addiction? - ANS Biological (genetics,
developmental--early exposure)
Environmental (SES, friends, family, coping skills, frequency of exposure)
The ________ a person is using addictive drugs, the _________ likely they are to have a lifelong
addiction - ANS younger, more
Costs to society due to substance use (3) - ANS 1. Productivity -- lost wages, resources
diverted
2. Health -- costs for treatment of addiction, costs for treatment of drug abuse related diseases
3. Other -- criminal justice costs, social welfare costs
Estimated economic cost to society due to substance abuse/addiction - ANS 559 billion/yr
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,(tobacco highest, alcohol middle, illegal drugs lowest)
Treatment is _________ expensive than not treating or incarceration - ANS less
Key brain circuit in drug addiction? - ANS Mesolimbic dopamine system (reward pathway)
Drugs will be addictive if they produce ____________, which leads to __________ -
ANS euphoria, craving
Faster the onset & more intense the __________, the __________ the addiction liability -
ANS euphoria, higher
Mesolimbic system is a late or early maturing brain pathway? - ANS late
Components of mesolimbic dopamine system (4) - ANS 1. prefrontal cortex
2. nucleus accumbens
3. ventral tegmental area
4. dopamine neurons
Monitoring the Future Study - ANS study of drug use patterns among US teenagers, tracks
drug use in a sample of US teens on a yearly basis
In the MTF study, we saw an ________ trend between perceived health risk & use of the drug -
ANS inverse
Drugs are _______ likely to be addictive if they reliably produce euphoria or pleasant feelings -
ANS more
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, (drug intake/euphoria is reinforcing as the subject wishes to take the drug repeatedly)
Drug _________ can lead to addiction, but does not equal addiction - ANS dependence
Drug dependence is associated with? - ANS drug withdrawal
All drugs can create ____________, but not all drugs create ____________ -
ANS dependence, addiction
Biological state that develops as result of tolerance to drug effects, involves a resetting of
mechanisms maintaining homeostasis - ANS physical dependence
Occurs when drug administration stops & homeostasis is disrupted, signs/symptoms are
generally opposite to the responses caused by drug administration - ANS withdrawal
symptoms
What reinforces drug intake/potentiates addiction? (3) - ANS 1. euphoria
2. avoidance of withdrawal
3. withdrawal symptoms
Development of addiction & dependence are associated with changes in ___________, these
changes can persist for _____________________ - ANS gene expression, month to years
Hydrophilic - ANS water loving, polar
Hydrophobic - ANS water hating, nonpolar
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Drug addiction is both a.... - ANS medical problem -- disorder attributed to a measurable
change in function and/or structure of cell tissues/organs
psychological problem -- behaviors that negatively impact multiple life areas creating stress
What factors contribute to substance use disorder/drug addiction? - ANS Biological (genetics,
developmental--early exposure)
Environmental (SES, friends, family, coping skills, frequency of exposure)
The ________ a person is using addictive drugs, the _________ likely they are to have a lifelong
addiction - ANS younger, more
Costs to society due to substance use (3) - ANS 1. Productivity -- lost wages, resources
diverted
2. Health -- costs for treatment of addiction, costs for treatment of drug abuse related diseases
3. Other -- criminal justice costs, social welfare costs
Estimated economic cost to society due to substance abuse/addiction - ANS 559 billion/yr
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,(tobacco highest, alcohol middle, illegal drugs lowest)
Treatment is _________ expensive than not treating or incarceration - ANS less
Key brain circuit in drug addiction? - ANS Mesolimbic dopamine system (reward pathway)
Drugs will be addictive if they produce ____________, which leads to __________ -
ANS euphoria, craving
Faster the onset & more intense the __________, the __________ the addiction liability -
ANS euphoria, higher
Mesolimbic system is a late or early maturing brain pathway? - ANS late
Components of mesolimbic dopamine system (4) - ANS 1. prefrontal cortex
2. nucleus accumbens
3. ventral tegmental area
4. dopamine neurons
Monitoring the Future Study - ANS study of drug use patterns among US teenagers, tracks
drug use in a sample of US teens on a yearly basis
In the MTF study, we saw an ________ trend between perceived health risk & use of the drug -
ANS inverse
Drugs are _______ likely to be addictive if they reliably produce euphoria or pleasant feelings -
ANS more
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, (drug intake/euphoria is reinforcing as the subject wishes to take the drug repeatedly)
Drug _________ can lead to addiction, but does not equal addiction - ANS dependence
Drug dependence is associated with? - ANS drug withdrawal
All drugs can create ____________, but not all drugs create ____________ -
ANS dependence, addiction
Biological state that develops as result of tolerance to drug effects, involves a resetting of
mechanisms maintaining homeostasis - ANS physical dependence
Occurs when drug administration stops & homeostasis is disrupted, signs/symptoms are
generally opposite to the responses caused by drug administration - ANS withdrawal
symptoms
What reinforces drug intake/potentiates addiction? (3) - ANS 1. euphoria
2. avoidance of withdrawal
3. withdrawal symptoms
Development of addiction & dependence are associated with changes in ___________, these
changes can persist for _____________________ - ANS gene expression, month to years
Hydrophilic - ANS water loving, polar
Hydrophobic - ANS water hating, nonpolar
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
