PHM 431 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
A loss of function mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme glucuronyl transferase will
likely cause
A) An increase in the risk of a morphine overdose in patients having the mutation if they were
to receive morphine for pain relief
B) Accelerated deacetylation of heroin in the brain leading to higher morphine concentrations
and an increased risk for overdose
C) Less efficient alcohol metabolism and higher blood alcohol levels
D) "Bioactivation" of heroin to morphine and increased risk for morphine overdose - ANS A)
An increase in the risk of a morphine overdose in patients having the mutation if they were to
receive morphine for pain relief
Genetic variations lead to increases or decreases in the risk for drug addiction. A loss of function
mutation (a mutation that leads to decreased enzyme activitity) in the gene that encodes which
of the following enzymes would lead to a decreased risk for alcohol addicition?
A) Alcohol dehydrogenase
B) CYP2E1
C) Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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,D) Glucuronyl transferase - ANS C) aldehyde dehydrogenase
Smoking marijuana to deliver delta-9-THC to the brain is more efficient than orally administered
delta-9-THC because:
A) Combustion (smoking) is required to produce delta-9-THC from cannabis leaves
B) No first pass effect after smoking
C) Delta-9-THC is degraded in the acidic environment of the stomach
D) Delta-9-THC is poorly absorbed from the small intestine - ANS B) no first pass effect after
smoking
Which brain region is important for morphine induced analgesia?
A) amygdala
B) prefrontal cortex
C) ventral tegmental area
D) periaqueductal gray - ANS periaqueductal gray
Increases in nerve terminal calcium signals which be associated with deletion fo which of the
following genes?
A) Kappa opiate receptor gene
B) Alpha subunit of the GABAA receptor
C) Adenylate cyclase gene
D) NMDA receptor gene - ANS A) kappa opiate receptor gene
which of the following drugs is a partial agonist?
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, A) morphine
B) fentanyl
C) methadone
D) meperidine - ANS methadone
Alcohol is a drug with properties that differentiate it from other abused drugs. These unique
properties include:
A)Elimination occurs via first order kinetics
B) It is a high potency drug
C) Elimination occurs via zero order kinetics
D) Tolerance develops very slowly - ANS C) elimination occurs via zero order kinetics
The mechanism by which endocannabinoids suppress neurotransmitter release involves:
A) binding to CB1 receptors on presynaptic neurons
B) binding to CB2 receptors on presynaptic neurons
C) binding to CB2 receptors on postsynaptic neurons
D) binding to CB2 receptors on lymphocytes - ANS A) binding to CB1 receptors on presynaptic
neurons
Suboxone is a newly approved drug that can be used to treat morphine or heroin addiction.
Suboxone is useful for its' intended purpose because it contains:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
A loss of function mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme glucuronyl transferase will
likely cause
A) An increase in the risk of a morphine overdose in patients having the mutation if they were
to receive morphine for pain relief
B) Accelerated deacetylation of heroin in the brain leading to higher morphine concentrations
and an increased risk for overdose
C) Less efficient alcohol metabolism and higher blood alcohol levels
D) "Bioactivation" of heroin to morphine and increased risk for morphine overdose - ANS A)
An increase in the risk of a morphine overdose in patients having the mutation if they were to
receive morphine for pain relief
Genetic variations lead to increases or decreases in the risk for drug addiction. A loss of function
mutation (a mutation that leads to decreased enzyme activitity) in the gene that encodes which
of the following enzymes would lead to a decreased risk for alcohol addicition?
A) Alcohol dehydrogenase
B) CYP2E1
C) Aldehyde dehydrogenase
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,D) Glucuronyl transferase - ANS C) aldehyde dehydrogenase
Smoking marijuana to deliver delta-9-THC to the brain is more efficient than orally administered
delta-9-THC because:
A) Combustion (smoking) is required to produce delta-9-THC from cannabis leaves
B) No first pass effect after smoking
C) Delta-9-THC is degraded in the acidic environment of the stomach
D) Delta-9-THC is poorly absorbed from the small intestine - ANS B) no first pass effect after
smoking
Which brain region is important for morphine induced analgesia?
A) amygdala
B) prefrontal cortex
C) ventral tegmental area
D) periaqueductal gray - ANS periaqueductal gray
Increases in nerve terminal calcium signals which be associated with deletion fo which of the
following genes?
A) Kappa opiate receptor gene
B) Alpha subunit of the GABAA receptor
C) Adenylate cyclase gene
D) NMDA receptor gene - ANS A) kappa opiate receptor gene
which of the following drugs is a partial agonist?
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, A) morphine
B) fentanyl
C) methadone
D) meperidine - ANS methadone
Alcohol is a drug with properties that differentiate it from other abused drugs. These unique
properties include:
A)Elimination occurs via first order kinetics
B) It is a high potency drug
C) Elimination occurs via zero order kinetics
D) Tolerance develops very slowly - ANS C) elimination occurs via zero order kinetics
The mechanism by which endocannabinoids suppress neurotransmitter release involves:
A) binding to CB1 receptors on presynaptic neurons
B) binding to CB2 receptors on presynaptic neurons
C) binding to CB2 receptors on postsynaptic neurons
D) binding to CB2 receptors on lymphocytes - ANS A) binding to CB1 receptors on presynaptic
neurons
Suboxone is a newly approved drug that can be used to treat morphine or heroin addiction.
Suboxone is useful for its' intended purpose because it contains:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
