Module 1. Introduction
to Computer system
,Functional Units
Arithmetic
Input and
logic
Memory
Output Control
I/O Processor
Figure 1.1. Basic functional units of a computer.
,Information Handled by a
Computer
Instructions/machine instructions
Govern the transfer of information within a computer as
well as between the computer and its I/O devices
Specify the arithmetic and logic operations to be
performed
Program
Data
Used as operands by the instructions
Source program
Encoded in binary code – 0 and 1
, Memory Unit
Storeprograms and data
Two classes of storage
Primary storage
Fast
Programs must be stored in memory while they are being executed
Large number of semiconductor storage cells
Processed in words
Address
RAM and memory access time
Memory hierarchy – cache, main memory
Secondary storage – larger and cheaper
to Computer system
,Functional Units
Arithmetic
Input and
logic
Memory
Output Control
I/O Processor
Figure 1.1. Basic functional units of a computer.
,Information Handled by a
Computer
Instructions/machine instructions
Govern the transfer of information within a computer as
well as between the computer and its I/O devices
Specify the arithmetic and logic operations to be
performed
Program
Data
Used as operands by the instructions
Source program
Encoded in binary code – 0 and 1
, Memory Unit
Storeprograms and data
Two classes of storage
Primary storage
Fast
Programs must be stored in memory while they are being executed
Large number of semiconductor storage cells
Processed in words
Address
RAM and memory access time
Memory hierarchy – cache, main memory
Secondary storage – larger and cheaper
