Nursing 430 Final Exam Nclex
Questions And Answers
/. A nurse is caring for an adult patient diagnosed with a back strain. What health
education should the nurse provide to this patient?
A) Avoid lifting more than one-third of body weight without assistance.
B) Focus on using back muscles efficiently when lifting heavy objects.
C) Lift objects while holding the object a safe distance from the body.
D) Tighten the abdominal muscles and lock the knees when lifting of an object -
Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: The nurse will instruct the patient on the safe and correct way to lift objects
using the strong quadriceps muscles of the thighs, with minimal use of the weak back
muscles. To prevent recurrence of acute low back pain, the nurse may instruct the
patient to avoid lifting more than one-third of his weight without help. The patient should
be informed to place the feet a hip-width apart to provide a wide base of support, the
person should bend the knees, tighten the abdominal muscles, and lift the object close
to the body with a smooth motion, avoiding twisting and jerking.
/.A nurse is discussing conservative management of tendonitis with a patient. Which of
the following may be an effective approach to managing tendonitis?
A) Weight reduction
B) Use of oral opioid analgesics
C) Intermittent application of ice and heat
D) Passive range of motion exercises - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: Conservative management of tendonitis includes rest of the extremity,
intermittent ice and heat to the joint, and NSAIDs. Weight reduction may prevent future
injuries but will not relieve existing tendonitis. Range-of-motion exercises may
exacerbate pain. Opioids would not be considered a conservative treatment measure
/.A nurse is providing an educational class to a group of older adults at a community
senior center. In an effort to prevent osteoporosis, the nurse should encourage
participants to ensure that they consume the recommended adequate intake of what
nutrients? Select all that apply.
A) Vitamin B12
B) Potassium
C) Calcitonin
D) Calcium
E) Vitamin D - Answer-✅Ans: D, E
,Feedback: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D protects against skeletal
demineralization. Intake of vitamin B12and potassium does not directly influence the
risk for osteoporosis. Calcitonin is not considered to be a dietary nutrient
/.A nurse is providing a class on osteoporosis at the local seniors center. Which of the
following statements related to osteoporosis is most accurate?
A) Osteoporosis is categorized as a disease of the elderly.
B) A nonmodifiable risk factor for osteoporosis is a persons level of activity.
C) Secondary osteoporosis occurs in women after menopause.
D) Slow discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy can halt the progression of the
osteoporosis - Answer-✅Ans: D
Feedback: When corticosteroid therapy is discontinued, the progression of osteoporosis
is halted, but restoration of lost bone mass does not occur. Osteoporosis is not a
disease of the elderly because its onset occurs earlier in life, when bone mass peaks
and then begins to decline. A persons level of physical activity is a modifiable factor that
influences peak bone mass. Lack of activity increases the risk for the development of
osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis occurs in women after menopause.
/.A nurse is teaching a patient with osteomalacia about the role of diet. What would be
the best choice for breakfast for a patient with osteomalacia?
A) Cereal with milk, a scrambled egg, and grapefruit
B) Poached eggs with sausage and toast
C) Waffles with fresh strawberries and powdered sugar
D) A bagel topped with butter and jam with a side dish of grapes - Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: The best meal option is the one that contains the highest dietary sources of
calcium and vitamin D. The best selection among those listed is cereal with milk, and
eggs, as these foods contain calcium and vitamin D in a higher quantity over the other
menu options.
/.A nurse is caring for a patient with a bone tumor. The nurse is providing education to
help the patient reduce the risk for pathologic fractures. What should the nurse teach
the patient?
A) Strive to achieve maximum weight-bearing capabilities.
B) Gradually strengthen the affected muscles through weight training.
C) Support the affected extremity with external supports such as splints.
D) Limit reliance on assistive devices in order to build strength. - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: During nursing care, the affected extremities must be supported and handled
gently. External supports (splints) may be used for additional protection. Prescribed
weight-bearing restrictions must be followed. Assistive devices should be used to
strengthen the unaffected extremities.
, /.A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology that may underlie a patients decreased bone
density. What hormone should the nurse identify as inhibiting bone resorption and
promoting bone formation?
A) Estrogen
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Calcitonin
D) Progesterone - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, estrogen
inhibits bone breakdown, and parathyroid increases bone resorption. Estrogen, which
inhibits bone breakdown, decreases with aging. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases
with aging, increasing bone turnover and resorption. Progesterone is the major naturally
occurring human progestogen and plays a role in the female menstrual cycle.
/.A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for osteomalacia. Which of the following
laboratory results is most suggestive of this diagnosis?
A) High chloride, calcium, and magnesium
B) High parathyroid and calcitonin levels
C) Low serum calcium and magnesium levels
D) Low serum calcium and low phosphorus level - Answer-✅Ans: D
Feedback: Laboratory studies will reveal a low serum calcium and low phosphorus level
/.A nurse is caring for a patient who is 12 hours postoperative following foot surgery.
The nurse assesses the presence of edema in the foot. What nursing measure will the
nurse implement to control the edema?
A) Elevate the foot on several pillows.
B) Apply warm compresses intermittently to the surgical area.
C) Administer a loop diuretic as ordered.
D) Increase circulation through frequent ambulation - Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: To control the edema in the foot of a patient who experienced foot surgery,
the nurse will elevate the foot on several pillows when the patient is sitting or lying.
Diuretic therapy is not an appropriate intervention for edema related to inflammation.
Intermittent ice packs should be applied to the surgical area during the first 24 to 48
hours after surgery to control edema and provide some pain relief. Ambulation will
gradually be resumed based on the guidelines provided by the surgeon
/.A nurse is planning the care of an older adult patient with osteomalacia. What action
should the nurse recommend in order to promote vitamin D synthesis?
A) Ensuring adequate exposure to sunlight
B) Eating a low-purine diet
C) Performing cardiovascular exercise while avoiding weight-bearing exercises
D) Taking thyroid supplements as ordered - Answer-✅Ans: A
Questions And Answers
/. A nurse is caring for an adult patient diagnosed with a back strain. What health
education should the nurse provide to this patient?
A) Avoid lifting more than one-third of body weight without assistance.
B) Focus on using back muscles efficiently when lifting heavy objects.
C) Lift objects while holding the object a safe distance from the body.
D) Tighten the abdominal muscles and lock the knees when lifting of an object -
Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: The nurse will instruct the patient on the safe and correct way to lift objects
using the strong quadriceps muscles of the thighs, with minimal use of the weak back
muscles. To prevent recurrence of acute low back pain, the nurse may instruct the
patient to avoid lifting more than one-third of his weight without help. The patient should
be informed to place the feet a hip-width apart to provide a wide base of support, the
person should bend the knees, tighten the abdominal muscles, and lift the object close
to the body with a smooth motion, avoiding twisting and jerking.
/.A nurse is discussing conservative management of tendonitis with a patient. Which of
the following may be an effective approach to managing tendonitis?
A) Weight reduction
B) Use of oral opioid analgesics
C) Intermittent application of ice and heat
D) Passive range of motion exercises - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: Conservative management of tendonitis includes rest of the extremity,
intermittent ice and heat to the joint, and NSAIDs. Weight reduction may prevent future
injuries but will not relieve existing tendonitis. Range-of-motion exercises may
exacerbate pain. Opioids would not be considered a conservative treatment measure
/.A nurse is providing an educational class to a group of older adults at a community
senior center. In an effort to prevent osteoporosis, the nurse should encourage
participants to ensure that they consume the recommended adequate intake of what
nutrients? Select all that apply.
A) Vitamin B12
B) Potassium
C) Calcitonin
D) Calcium
E) Vitamin D - Answer-✅Ans: D, E
,Feedback: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D protects against skeletal
demineralization. Intake of vitamin B12and potassium does not directly influence the
risk for osteoporosis. Calcitonin is not considered to be a dietary nutrient
/.A nurse is providing a class on osteoporosis at the local seniors center. Which of the
following statements related to osteoporosis is most accurate?
A) Osteoporosis is categorized as a disease of the elderly.
B) A nonmodifiable risk factor for osteoporosis is a persons level of activity.
C) Secondary osteoporosis occurs in women after menopause.
D) Slow discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy can halt the progression of the
osteoporosis - Answer-✅Ans: D
Feedback: When corticosteroid therapy is discontinued, the progression of osteoporosis
is halted, but restoration of lost bone mass does not occur. Osteoporosis is not a
disease of the elderly because its onset occurs earlier in life, when bone mass peaks
and then begins to decline. A persons level of physical activity is a modifiable factor that
influences peak bone mass. Lack of activity increases the risk for the development of
osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis occurs in women after menopause.
/.A nurse is teaching a patient with osteomalacia about the role of diet. What would be
the best choice for breakfast for a patient with osteomalacia?
A) Cereal with milk, a scrambled egg, and grapefruit
B) Poached eggs with sausage and toast
C) Waffles with fresh strawberries and powdered sugar
D) A bagel topped with butter and jam with a side dish of grapes - Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: The best meal option is the one that contains the highest dietary sources of
calcium and vitamin D. The best selection among those listed is cereal with milk, and
eggs, as these foods contain calcium and vitamin D in a higher quantity over the other
menu options.
/.A nurse is caring for a patient with a bone tumor. The nurse is providing education to
help the patient reduce the risk for pathologic fractures. What should the nurse teach
the patient?
A) Strive to achieve maximum weight-bearing capabilities.
B) Gradually strengthen the affected muscles through weight training.
C) Support the affected extremity with external supports such as splints.
D) Limit reliance on assistive devices in order to build strength. - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: During nursing care, the affected extremities must be supported and handled
gently. External supports (splints) may be used for additional protection. Prescribed
weight-bearing restrictions must be followed. Assistive devices should be used to
strengthen the unaffected extremities.
, /.A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology that may underlie a patients decreased bone
density. What hormone should the nurse identify as inhibiting bone resorption and
promoting bone formation?
A) Estrogen
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Calcitonin
D) Progesterone - Answer-✅Ans: C
Feedback: Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, estrogen
inhibits bone breakdown, and parathyroid increases bone resorption. Estrogen, which
inhibits bone breakdown, decreases with aging. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases
with aging, increasing bone turnover and resorption. Progesterone is the major naturally
occurring human progestogen and plays a role in the female menstrual cycle.
/.A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for osteomalacia. Which of the following
laboratory results is most suggestive of this diagnosis?
A) High chloride, calcium, and magnesium
B) High parathyroid and calcitonin levels
C) Low serum calcium and magnesium levels
D) Low serum calcium and low phosphorus level - Answer-✅Ans: D
Feedback: Laboratory studies will reveal a low serum calcium and low phosphorus level
/.A nurse is caring for a patient who is 12 hours postoperative following foot surgery.
The nurse assesses the presence of edema in the foot. What nursing measure will the
nurse implement to control the edema?
A) Elevate the foot on several pillows.
B) Apply warm compresses intermittently to the surgical area.
C) Administer a loop diuretic as ordered.
D) Increase circulation through frequent ambulation - Answer-✅Ans: A
Feedback: To control the edema in the foot of a patient who experienced foot surgery,
the nurse will elevate the foot on several pillows when the patient is sitting or lying.
Diuretic therapy is not an appropriate intervention for edema related to inflammation.
Intermittent ice packs should be applied to the surgical area during the first 24 to 48
hours after surgery to control edema and provide some pain relief. Ambulation will
gradually be resumed based on the guidelines provided by the surgeon
/.A nurse is planning the care of an older adult patient with osteomalacia. What action
should the nurse recommend in order to promote vitamin D synthesis?
A) Ensuring adequate exposure to sunlight
B) Eating a low-purine diet
C) Performing cardiovascular exercise while avoiding weight-bearing exercises
D) Taking thyroid supplements as ordered - Answer-✅Ans: A
