,• The PIC has final authority over the • Approaching head-on – turn right • Default traffic pattern = Left-hand
operation of the aircraft ▪ If on the ground, they should stop • An aircraft shall:
• They must be familiar with all available and • Converging – aircraft on the left must give ▪ Observe other traffic
appropriate information (including weather) way (give way to aircraft on the right) ▪ Conform with or avoid the traffic pattern
• Laws can only be broken for safety ▪ Except if the aircraft has higher priority ▪ Land/take-off into wind
• Overtaking (<70°) – aircraft being
overtaken has priority
• Landing – Lowest landing aircraft has
• Aircraft shall not be operated in a negligent
priority over those in flight
or reckless manner that endangers life or • Aircraft Identification
▪ Powered heavier than air aircraft must
property • Type of Flight
however give way to gliders
• Cruising Levels are: ▪ I = IFR
▪ Emergency landings have highest priority
▪ Flight Levels above transition altitude ▪ V = VFR
• Aircraft must obey all lit stop bars and taxi-
▪ Altitudes below the transition level ▪ Y = IFR to VFR
holding positions
• Aircraft shall not be flown into ▪ Z = VFR to IFR
prohibited/restricted airspace • Type of Acft and Wake Turbulence Category
• Equipment
• Flashing lights may be turned off if they affect
• Departure Aerodrome and EOBT
performance of duties or cause dazzle
• Aircraft should not be operated in such • Cruising Speed, Level and Route
• Anti-collision lights should:
proximity to create a collision hazard • Destination Aerodrome, ETE and alternate(s)
▪ always be on (engine running)
• An aircraft with right of way will maintain • Fuel Endurance, POB, Emergency and
▪ show in all directions
heading and speed (though they must best Survival Equipment
▪ be red or
avoid collision) • See GSPRM ATC Section
• Navigation lights should:
• An aircraft obliged to give way should not ▪ be on at night when moving
pass over, under or ahead (unless well clear)
▪ be red (port) and green (starboard)
through 110° • A flight plan is required when:
▪ be at the rear through 140° ▪ Provided with an ATC service
1. Balloons 5. Rotorcraft ▪ IFR within advisory airspace
▪ Along designated routes when FIS,
2. Airships 6. Powered Lift
alerting and search and rescue is required
3. Gliders 7. Ornithopter • Requires dual controls and a qualified ▪ Into designated areas or across borders
4. Airplanes safety pilot/flight instructor • Must be submitted 60 minutes prior,
• A ‘competent observer’ does not count unless airborne (10 minutes)
• Must be closed after use
, • Used for IFR flights operated regularly on When VFR, the pilot should: • Notify the appropriate ATSU that there is
the same day of consecutive weeks or at • Request an amended clearance or leave unlawful interference and of any significant
least 10 occasions controlled airspace circumstances or deviation from flight plan
• Maintain VMC and notify ATC
• Request Special VFR if in a CTR
• Cannot deviate from FPL unless requested • Request to operate IFR • Interception is a last resort
or under emergency • Visual signals should be used
• Deviations should be reported ASAP • Done to either identify the aircraft, return it
• For track errors, pilot should adjust heading • Controlled flight should report time and to its planned track or bring it to the ground
to regain track ASAP level at compulsory reporting points • This may not be practiced (on civil aircraft)
• Variations in TAS >5% or ETAs with • They must land somewhere safe
difference > 2 minutes must be reported • No weapons should be used (if possible)
• EOBT delay >30 minutes (controlled) or >60 - VMC - • Communicate on 121.5 MHz and squawk
minutes (uncontrolled) requires FPL to be • Land at the nearest airport and report 7700 (Mode A)
cancelled or amended ASAP to ATCU
- IMC -
• Maintain last assigned speed and level for: • CALL SIGN • DESCEND • PROCEED
• All times are in UTC ▪ ATC has no radar – 20 minutes • FOLLOW • YOU LAND
• Given in hours, minutes and seconds following failure to report at CRP
• A time check shall be obtained prior to ▪ ATC has radar –7 minutes following
operating a controlled flight either the last assigned level being
reached, squawking 7600 or not • CALL SIGN • REPEAT • HIJACK
• Must be accurate to ±1 second of UTC • AM LOST • DESCEND
reporting at a CRP, whichever occurs • WILCO
latest • CAN NOT • MAYDAY • LAND
• They should then:
▪ Adjust to speed & level in the flight plan
▪ Proceed to nav aid/fix at destination and • Rock Wings and Slow Turn – Follow Me
• Needed for controlled flights and ground
hold until descent • Abrupt Breakaway – Proceed
movements
▪ Descend at last acknowledged and • Lowers Landing Gear – Land Here
• PIC may request an amended clearance
received EAT (or ETA)
• ATC must be informed if leaving an ATS area
▪ Use a normal instrument approach
(except landing)
▪ Land within ±30 minutes of EAT/ETA
operation of the aircraft ▪ If on the ground, they should stop • An aircraft shall:
• They must be familiar with all available and • Converging – aircraft on the left must give ▪ Observe other traffic
appropriate information (including weather) way (give way to aircraft on the right) ▪ Conform with or avoid the traffic pattern
• Laws can only be broken for safety ▪ Except if the aircraft has higher priority ▪ Land/take-off into wind
• Overtaking (<70°) – aircraft being
overtaken has priority
• Landing – Lowest landing aircraft has
• Aircraft shall not be operated in a negligent
priority over those in flight
or reckless manner that endangers life or • Aircraft Identification
▪ Powered heavier than air aircraft must
property • Type of Flight
however give way to gliders
• Cruising Levels are: ▪ I = IFR
▪ Emergency landings have highest priority
▪ Flight Levels above transition altitude ▪ V = VFR
• Aircraft must obey all lit stop bars and taxi-
▪ Altitudes below the transition level ▪ Y = IFR to VFR
holding positions
• Aircraft shall not be flown into ▪ Z = VFR to IFR
prohibited/restricted airspace • Type of Acft and Wake Turbulence Category
• Equipment
• Flashing lights may be turned off if they affect
• Departure Aerodrome and EOBT
performance of duties or cause dazzle
• Aircraft should not be operated in such • Cruising Speed, Level and Route
• Anti-collision lights should:
proximity to create a collision hazard • Destination Aerodrome, ETE and alternate(s)
▪ always be on (engine running)
• An aircraft with right of way will maintain • Fuel Endurance, POB, Emergency and
▪ show in all directions
heading and speed (though they must best Survival Equipment
▪ be red or
avoid collision) • See GSPRM ATC Section
• Navigation lights should:
• An aircraft obliged to give way should not ▪ be on at night when moving
pass over, under or ahead (unless well clear)
▪ be red (port) and green (starboard)
through 110° • A flight plan is required when:
▪ be at the rear through 140° ▪ Provided with an ATC service
1. Balloons 5. Rotorcraft ▪ IFR within advisory airspace
▪ Along designated routes when FIS,
2. Airships 6. Powered Lift
alerting and search and rescue is required
3. Gliders 7. Ornithopter • Requires dual controls and a qualified ▪ Into designated areas or across borders
4. Airplanes safety pilot/flight instructor • Must be submitted 60 minutes prior,
• A ‘competent observer’ does not count unless airborne (10 minutes)
• Must be closed after use
, • Used for IFR flights operated regularly on When VFR, the pilot should: • Notify the appropriate ATSU that there is
the same day of consecutive weeks or at • Request an amended clearance or leave unlawful interference and of any significant
least 10 occasions controlled airspace circumstances or deviation from flight plan
• Maintain VMC and notify ATC
• Request Special VFR if in a CTR
• Cannot deviate from FPL unless requested • Request to operate IFR • Interception is a last resort
or under emergency • Visual signals should be used
• Deviations should be reported ASAP • Done to either identify the aircraft, return it
• For track errors, pilot should adjust heading • Controlled flight should report time and to its planned track or bring it to the ground
to regain track ASAP level at compulsory reporting points • This may not be practiced (on civil aircraft)
• Variations in TAS >5% or ETAs with • They must land somewhere safe
difference > 2 minutes must be reported • No weapons should be used (if possible)
• EOBT delay >30 minutes (controlled) or >60 - VMC - • Communicate on 121.5 MHz and squawk
minutes (uncontrolled) requires FPL to be • Land at the nearest airport and report 7700 (Mode A)
cancelled or amended ASAP to ATCU
- IMC -
• Maintain last assigned speed and level for: • CALL SIGN • DESCEND • PROCEED
• All times are in UTC ▪ ATC has no radar – 20 minutes • FOLLOW • YOU LAND
• Given in hours, minutes and seconds following failure to report at CRP
• A time check shall be obtained prior to ▪ ATC has radar –7 minutes following
operating a controlled flight either the last assigned level being
reached, squawking 7600 or not • CALL SIGN • REPEAT • HIJACK
• Must be accurate to ±1 second of UTC • AM LOST • DESCEND
reporting at a CRP, whichever occurs • WILCO
latest • CAN NOT • MAYDAY • LAND
• They should then:
▪ Adjust to speed & level in the flight plan
▪ Proceed to nav aid/fix at destination and • Rock Wings and Slow Turn – Follow Me
• Needed for controlled flights and ground
hold until descent • Abrupt Breakaway – Proceed
movements
▪ Descend at last acknowledged and • Lowers Landing Gear – Land Here
• PIC may request an amended clearance
received EAT (or ETA)
• ATC must be informed if leaving an ATS area
▪ Use a normal instrument approach
(except landing)
▪ Land within ±30 minutes of EAT/ETA
