NR 508 week 5 Quizlet
Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to
demonstrate significant loss are:
1. Cortical bones
2. Femoral neck bones
3. Cervical vertebrae
4. Pelvic bones
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
1. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
2. Fostering bone resorption
3. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
4. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Prophylactic use of bisphosphonates is recommended for patients with early osteopenia
related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
1. Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2. Aspirin
3. Glucocorticoids
4. Calcium supplements
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for pancreatic
secretions. Each replacement drug has lipase, protease, and amylase components, but the
drug is prescribed in units of:
1. Lipase
2. Protease
3. Amylase
4. Pancreatin
Brands of pancreatic enzyme replacement drugs are:
1. Bioequivalent
2. About the same in cost per unit of lipase across brands
3. Able to be interchanged between generic and brand-name products to reduce cost
4. None of the above
When given subcutaneously, how long until neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
begins to take effect (onset of action) after administration?
1. 15 to 30 minutes
2. 60 to 90 minutes
3. 3 to 4 hours
4. 6 to 8 hours
Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs
and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
1. "Fruity" breath odor and rapid respiration
2. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypertension
3. Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
4. Easy bruising, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and coma
Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin
because they:
1. Increase blood glucose levels
2. Produce unexplained diaphoresis
3. Interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize glucose
4. Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
, Lispro is an insulin analogue produced by recombinant DNA technology. Which of the
following statements about this form of insulin is NOT true?
1. Optimal time of preprandial injection is 15 minutes.
2. Duration of action is increased when the dose is increased.
3. It is compatible with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin.
4. It has no pronounced peak.
The decision may be made to switch from twice daily neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)
insulin to insulin glargine to improve glycemia control throughout the day. If this is done:
1. The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to avoid hypoglycemia.
2. The initial dose of glargine is 2 to 10 units per day.
3. Patients who have been on high doses of NPH will need tests for insulin antibodies.
4. Obese patients may require more than 100 units per day.
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin
may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication
risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
1. Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for
hypoglycemia.
2. Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more
weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents.
3. Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose
levels than long-acting insulins.
4. Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have postprandial hyperglycemia
can have neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin added at bedtime.
Prior to prescribing metformin, the provider should:
1. Draw a serum creatinine to assess renal function
2. Try the patient on insulin
3. Tell the patient to increase iodine intake
4. Have the patient stop taking any sulfonylurea to avoid dangerous drug interactions
The action of "gliptins" is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
1. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
2. Are not associated with weight gain
3. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
4. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Sitagliptin has been approved for:
1. Monotherapy in once-daily doses
2. Combination therapy with metformin
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
GLP-1 agonists:
1. Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
2. Have been approved for monotherapy
3. Speed gastric emptying to decrease appetite
4. Can be given orally once daily
Avoid concurrent administration of exenatide with which of the following drugs?
1. Digoxin
2. Warfarin
3. Lovastatin
4. All of the above
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection:
1. 30 minutes prior to the morning meal
2. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to
demonstrate significant loss are:
1. Cortical bones
2. Femoral neck bones
3. Cervical vertebrae
4. Pelvic bones
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
1. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
2. Fostering bone resorption
3. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
4. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Prophylactic use of bisphosphonates is recommended for patients with early osteopenia
related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
1. Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2. Aspirin
3. Glucocorticoids
4. Calcium supplements
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for pancreatic
secretions. Each replacement drug has lipase, protease, and amylase components, but the
drug is prescribed in units of:
1. Lipase
2. Protease
3. Amylase
4. Pancreatin
Brands of pancreatic enzyme replacement drugs are:
1. Bioequivalent
2. About the same in cost per unit of lipase across brands
3. Able to be interchanged between generic and brand-name products to reduce cost
4. None of the above
When given subcutaneously, how long until neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
begins to take effect (onset of action) after administration?
1. 15 to 30 minutes
2. 60 to 90 minutes
3. 3 to 4 hours
4. 6 to 8 hours
Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs
and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
1. "Fruity" breath odor and rapid respiration
2. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypertension
3. Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
4. Easy bruising, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and coma
Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin
because they:
1. Increase blood glucose levels
2. Produce unexplained diaphoresis
3. Interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize glucose
4. Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
, Lispro is an insulin analogue produced by recombinant DNA technology. Which of the
following statements about this form of insulin is NOT true?
1. Optimal time of preprandial injection is 15 minutes.
2. Duration of action is increased when the dose is increased.
3. It is compatible with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin.
4. It has no pronounced peak.
The decision may be made to switch from twice daily neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)
insulin to insulin glargine to improve glycemia control throughout the day. If this is done:
1. The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to avoid hypoglycemia.
2. The initial dose of glargine is 2 to 10 units per day.
3. Patients who have been on high doses of NPH will need tests for insulin antibodies.
4. Obese patients may require more than 100 units per day.
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin
may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication
risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
1. Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for
hypoglycemia.
2. Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more
weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents.
3. Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose
levels than long-acting insulins.
4. Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have postprandial hyperglycemia
can have neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin added at bedtime.
Prior to prescribing metformin, the provider should:
1. Draw a serum creatinine to assess renal function
2. Try the patient on insulin
3. Tell the patient to increase iodine intake
4. Have the patient stop taking any sulfonylurea to avoid dangerous drug interactions
The action of "gliptins" is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
1. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
2. Are not associated with weight gain
3. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
4. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Sitagliptin has been approved for:
1. Monotherapy in once-daily doses
2. Combination therapy with metformin
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
GLP-1 agonists:
1. Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
2. Have been approved for monotherapy
3. Speed gastric emptying to decrease appetite
4. Can be given orally once daily
Avoid concurrent administration of exenatide with which of the following drugs?
1. Digoxin
2. Warfarin
3. Lovastatin
4. All of the above
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection:
1. 30 minutes prior to the morning meal
2. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
