HOSA-Human Growth and Development Exam (2025 /
2026 Update) Questions and Verified Answers
/. Sigmund Freud - Answer-✅Psychoanalytical Theory (id, ego, superego)
/.Id - Answer-✅The unconscious; present at birth and generates impulses that seek
immediate pleasure/satisfaction
/.Ego - Answer-✅View of the self/image that a person wants to convey to others
/.Superego - Answer-✅Emerges between 3 and 5 years; moral guide/conscience,
delays immediate gratification for socially appropriate reasons
/.Freud's Psychosexual Development - Answer-✅Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
/.Oral - Answer-✅First year of life; focus on mouth and need to suck
/.Anal - Answer-✅Toddler age; focus id on learning self-control of bowels
/.Phallic - Answer-✅Preschool age; focus on self, some type of masturbation,
identification with parent of the opposite sex, and development of superego
/.Latency - Answer-✅School age; focus on learning to suppress sexual urges and
improving industry, achievement, and skills
/.Genital - Answer-✅Puberty; focus on handling sexual urges with a partner, seeks
mutual pleasure
/.Oedipus complex - Answer-✅Young boys compete with fathers for mother's affection
/.Electra anxiety - Answer-✅Young girls compete with mothers for father's affection
/.Carl Jung - Answer-✅Psychodynamic Theory: roots of personality are a reflection of
the family's cultures; extends into adulthood where age 40 is the "noon of life"
/.Introvert - Answer-✅Quiet person who focuses inward
, /.Extrovert - Answer-✅Outgoing person who focuses on others
/.Erik Erikson - Answer-✅Psychosocial Theory: Stages of the Life Cycle
/.Trust vs Mistrust - Answer-✅Infant; develops trust of others to meet personal needs
and begins to trust himself/herself
/.Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - Answer-✅Toddler; ability to act independently is
equated with trusting oneself to be good
/.Initiative vs Guilt - Answer-✅Preschool; initiates role models and follows rules,
experiences self control in social interactions
/.Industry vs Inferiority - Answer-✅School age; develops ability to make friends and
independently achieve school tasks
/.Identity vs Role Confusion - Answer-✅Adolescent; learns to know oneself and what
one believes and develops a career goal
/.Intimacy vs Isolation - Answer-✅Young adult; develops and ability to share all aspects
of life with others
/.Generativity vs Self Absorption - Answer-✅Middle adult; can contribute to society in a
meaningful way
/.Integrity vs Despair - Answer-✅Older adult (geriatric); maintains a sense of life
achievement and absence of deep regret
/.Stage 1: Parental Image - Answer-✅Picturing oneself as a parent
/.Stage 2: Authority - Answer-✅Questioning parental skills as the child becomes
autonomous
/.Stage 3: Integrative - Answer-✅Feeling responsible to motivate child as the child
becomes more independent
/.Stage 4: Independent Teen - Answer-✅Learning how to support teen while
maintaining the authority role
/.Stage 5: Departure - Answer-✅Relating to the child as an adult as child prepares for
the future and leaves home
2026 Update) Questions and Verified Answers
/. Sigmund Freud - Answer-✅Psychoanalytical Theory (id, ego, superego)
/.Id - Answer-✅The unconscious; present at birth and generates impulses that seek
immediate pleasure/satisfaction
/.Ego - Answer-✅View of the self/image that a person wants to convey to others
/.Superego - Answer-✅Emerges between 3 and 5 years; moral guide/conscience,
delays immediate gratification for socially appropriate reasons
/.Freud's Psychosexual Development - Answer-✅Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
/.Oral - Answer-✅First year of life; focus on mouth and need to suck
/.Anal - Answer-✅Toddler age; focus id on learning self-control of bowels
/.Phallic - Answer-✅Preschool age; focus on self, some type of masturbation,
identification with parent of the opposite sex, and development of superego
/.Latency - Answer-✅School age; focus on learning to suppress sexual urges and
improving industry, achievement, and skills
/.Genital - Answer-✅Puberty; focus on handling sexual urges with a partner, seeks
mutual pleasure
/.Oedipus complex - Answer-✅Young boys compete with fathers for mother's affection
/.Electra anxiety - Answer-✅Young girls compete with mothers for father's affection
/.Carl Jung - Answer-✅Psychodynamic Theory: roots of personality are a reflection of
the family's cultures; extends into adulthood where age 40 is the "noon of life"
/.Introvert - Answer-✅Quiet person who focuses inward
, /.Extrovert - Answer-✅Outgoing person who focuses on others
/.Erik Erikson - Answer-✅Psychosocial Theory: Stages of the Life Cycle
/.Trust vs Mistrust - Answer-✅Infant; develops trust of others to meet personal needs
and begins to trust himself/herself
/.Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - Answer-✅Toddler; ability to act independently is
equated with trusting oneself to be good
/.Initiative vs Guilt - Answer-✅Preschool; initiates role models and follows rules,
experiences self control in social interactions
/.Industry vs Inferiority - Answer-✅School age; develops ability to make friends and
independently achieve school tasks
/.Identity vs Role Confusion - Answer-✅Adolescent; learns to know oneself and what
one believes and develops a career goal
/.Intimacy vs Isolation - Answer-✅Young adult; develops and ability to share all aspects
of life with others
/.Generativity vs Self Absorption - Answer-✅Middle adult; can contribute to society in a
meaningful way
/.Integrity vs Despair - Answer-✅Older adult (geriatric); maintains a sense of life
achievement and absence of deep regret
/.Stage 1: Parental Image - Answer-✅Picturing oneself as a parent
/.Stage 2: Authority - Answer-✅Questioning parental skills as the child becomes
autonomous
/.Stage 3: Integrative - Answer-✅Feeling responsible to motivate child as the child
becomes more independent
/.Stage 4: Independent Teen - Answer-✅Learning how to support teen while
maintaining the authority role
/.Stage 5: Departure - Answer-✅Relating to the child as an adult as child prepares for
the future and leaves home
