Module 1: Introduction to Human-Centred AI (HCAI)
1. Definition and Goals
• What is HCAI? Human-Centered AI is a discipline focused on creating AI
systems that amplify, augment, empower, and enhance human performance
rather than displacing it.
• The Two Key Aspects:
1. Process: Using HCI methods like user observation, stakeholder
engagement, and iterative refinement in the design of AI systems.
2. Product: Designing "supertools" that emphasize human control while
embedding high levels of automation.
• The Goal: HCAI aims to achieve High Human Control AND High Computer
Automation simultaneously. It moves away from the idea that automation
must replace human intelligence (the "Singularity") toward Intelligence
Augmentation (IA).
2. Frameworks for Automation
• Sheridan’s Levels of Automation (The Old View): A 1-10 scale ranging
from "Human decides everything" to "Computer decides everything." This
model is criticized for being unidimensional, implying that more automation
necessitates less human control.
• HCAI Two-Dimensional Framework (The New View):
o Y-Axis: Human Control (Low to High).
o X-Axis: Computer Automation (Low to High).
o Goal: The "Reliable, Safe & Trustworthy" zone (High Control + High
Automation), exemplified by systems like elevators, modern cameras,
and airbags.
Module 2: Foundations of HCI
1. What is HCI?
• Definition: A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and
implementation of interactive computing systems for human use.
• Evolution: The field has shifted through several paradigms: Batch processing
$\rightarrow$ Time-sharing $\rightarrow$ Networking $\rightarrow$ Graphical
Displays $\rightarrow$ Personal Computing $\rightarrow$ Ubiquitous
Computing.
2. User-Centred Design (UCD)
• Philosophy: The needs of the users should dominate the design of the
interface, and the interface should dominate the design of the rest of the
system.
, • The Task-Artifact Cycle: Tasks set requirements for artifacts; artifacts create
new possibilities that change the tasks.
• ISO 13407 Process: A multi-disciplinary activity involving four key steps:
1. Understand and specify the context of use.
2. Specify user and organizational requirements.
3. Produce design solutions.
4. Evaluate designs against requirements.
• The Double Diamond: A visual map of the design process: Discover
$\rightarrow$ Define $\rightarrow$ Develop $\rightarrow$ Deliver.
Shutterstock
Explore
3. Usability
• Definition (ISO 9241): The effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with
which users accomplish tasks.
o Effectiveness: Can you achieve what you want?
o Efficiency: Can you do it without wasting effort?
o Satisfaction: Do you enjoy the process?
• Note: Utility (functionality) + Usability (ease of use) = Useful.
Module 3: Myths of Autonomy & Teamwork
1. The Seven Deadly Myths of "Autonomous Systems"
• Myth 1: Autonomy is unidimensional.
o Reality: Autonomy has two dimensions: Self-sufficiency (taking care
of itself) and Self-directedness (freedom from outside control). High
capabilities require balancing both.
• Myth 2: "Levels of Autonomy" is useful.
1. Definition and Goals
• What is HCAI? Human-Centered AI is a discipline focused on creating AI
systems that amplify, augment, empower, and enhance human performance
rather than displacing it.
• The Two Key Aspects:
1. Process: Using HCI methods like user observation, stakeholder
engagement, and iterative refinement in the design of AI systems.
2. Product: Designing "supertools" that emphasize human control while
embedding high levels of automation.
• The Goal: HCAI aims to achieve High Human Control AND High Computer
Automation simultaneously. It moves away from the idea that automation
must replace human intelligence (the "Singularity") toward Intelligence
Augmentation (IA).
2. Frameworks for Automation
• Sheridan’s Levels of Automation (The Old View): A 1-10 scale ranging
from "Human decides everything" to "Computer decides everything." This
model is criticized for being unidimensional, implying that more automation
necessitates less human control.
• HCAI Two-Dimensional Framework (The New View):
o Y-Axis: Human Control (Low to High).
o X-Axis: Computer Automation (Low to High).
o Goal: The "Reliable, Safe & Trustworthy" zone (High Control + High
Automation), exemplified by systems like elevators, modern cameras,
and airbags.
Module 2: Foundations of HCI
1. What is HCI?
• Definition: A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and
implementation of interactive computing systems for human use.
• Evolution: The field has shifted through several paradigms: Batch processing
$\rightarrow$ Time-sharing $\rightarrow$ Networking $\rightarrow$ Graphical
Displays $\rightarrow$ Personal Computing $\rightarrow$ Ubiquitous
Computing.
2. User-Centred Design (UCD)
• Philosophy: The needs of the users should dominate the design of the
interface, and the interface should dominate the design of the rest of the
system.
, • The Task-Artifact Cycle: Tasks set requirements for artifacts; artifacts create
new possibilities that change the tasks.
• ISO 13407 Process: A multi-disciplinary activity involving four key steps:
1. Understand and specify the context of use.
2. Specify user and organizational requirements.
3. Produce design solutions.
4. Evaluate designs against requirements.
• The Double Diamond: A visual map of the design process: Discover
$\rightarrow$ Define $\rightarrow$ Develop $\rightarrow$ Deliver.
Shutterstock
Explore
3. Usability
• Definition (ISO 9241): The effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with
which users accomplish tasks.
o Effectiveness: Can you achieve what you want?
o Efficiency: Can you do it without wasting effort?
o Satisfaction: Do you enjoy the process?
• Note: Utility (functionality) + Usability (ease of use) = Useful.
Module 3: Myths of Autonomy & Teamwork
1. The Seven Deadly Myths of "Autonomous Systems"
• Myth 1: Autonomy is unidimensional.
o Reality: Autonomy has two dimensions: Self-sufficiency (taking care
of itself) and Self-directedness (freedom from outside control). High
capabilities require balancing both.
• Myth 2: "Levels of Autonomy" is useful.
