Penology Final Exam ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Hedonistic Calculus - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The idea that the main objective of an
intelligent person is to achieve the most pleasure and the least pain and that individuals are
constantly calculating the pluses and minuses of their potential actions.
Neo-class School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a compromise between Classical and
Positive Schools, while holding offenders accountable for their crimes, allowing for some
consideration of mitigating and aggravating circumstances. No one has complete free will
and is uninfluenced by factors such as gender, age, or social and economic environments, yet
everyone is still the "author" of his or her own action.
Classic School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The first organized theory of crime causation
linked to appropriate punishments. The theory linking crime causation to punishment, based
on offenders' free will and hedonism.
Positive School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the belief that criminals do not have complete
choice over their criminal actions and may commit acts that are beyond their control.
Atavism - the idea that criminals are born, and criminals behavior is predetermined.
Rehabilitation Era - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅used as a means to bring forth change, an
era of prison management emphasizing the professionalizing of staff through recruitment and
training and implementation of many self-improvement programs of prison management
Reformatory Era - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an environment emphasizing reformation that
expanded education and vocational programs, and focused offenders' attention on their future.
Because of the large populations and the harsh work-oriented environments, it made it
possible for inmates to produce products that could be sold to help make the prisons
economically self-supporting
Specific Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the effective punishment on an individual
offender that prevents the person from committing future crimes.
, General Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the recognition that criminal acts result in
punishment, and the effect of that recognition on society that prevents future crimes. It
presumes that others in society will not commit crimes because they see that there is
punishment for such acts that individuals do receive
Recidivism. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the state of relapse that occurs when offenders
complete their criminal punishment then continue to commit crimes.
Rehabilitation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅means returning someone to prior state, a
programed effort to alter the attitudes and behavior of inmates and improve their likely hood
of becoming law-abiding citizens.
Incapacitation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅reducing offender's ability or capacity to
commit further crimes. that most criminals committed several crimes over their lifetime, and
therefore, during the time of their criminal sanction crime is being prevented by their reduced
opportunity.
Restored Justice - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅models of sentencing that shift the focus away
from punishment of the offender and emphasize involving the victim while holding offenders
accountable for the harm they caused and finding opportunity for them to repair the damage.
It more fully implements the overall philosophy of the goal of restitution.
John Howard - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅was imprisoned once and never forgot the
horrendous conditions. An became one of the earliest prison and jail reformers after his
experience. A Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 pushed for the passage of the England
Penitentiary Act of 1779 to require minimum standards for jail conditions
Pretrial diversion - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅provides the opportunity for criminal
offenders to be diverted from processing in the criminal justice system by suspending
criminal processing while offering offenders the chance to participate in treatment programs
and avoid further criminal activity
Treatment alternative to street crimes TASC - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅was one the
earliest diversion programs out of Philadelphia. The program focused on offenders with drug
problems, which was believed to be the cause of their criminal acts.
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Hedonistic Calculus - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The idea that the main objective of an
intelligent person is to achieve the most pleasure and the least pain and that individuals are
constantly calculating the pluses and minuses of their potential actions.
Neo-class School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a compromise between Classical and
Positive Schools, while holding offenders accountable for their crimes, allowing for some
consideration of mitigating and aggravating circumstances. No one has complete free will
and is uninfluenced by factors such as gender, age, or social and economic environments, yet
everyone is still the "author" of his or her own action.
Classic School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The first organized theory of crime causation
linked to appropriate punishments. The theory linking crime causation to punishment, based
on offenders' free will and hedonism.
Positive School - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the belief that criminals do not have complete
choice over their criminal actions and may commit acts that are beyond their control.
Atavism - the idea that criminals are born, and criminals behavior is predetermined.
Rehabilitation Era - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅used as a means to bring forth change, an
era of prison management emphasizing the professionalizing of staff through recruitment and
training and implementation of many self-improvement programs of prison management
Reformatory Era - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an environment emphasizing reformation that
expanded education and vocational programs, and focused offenders' attention on their future.
Because of the large populations and the harsh work-oriented environments, it made it
possible for inmates to produce products that could be sold to help make the prisons
economically self-supporting
Specific Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the effective punishment on an individual
offender that prevents the person from committing future crimes.
, General Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the recognition that criminal acts result in
punishment, and the effect of that recognition on society that prevents future crimes. It
presumes that others in society will not commit crimes because they see that there is
punishment for such acts that individuals do receive
Recidivism. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the state of relapse that occurs when offenders
complete their criminal punishment then continue to commit crimes.
Rehabilitation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅means returning someone to prior state, a
programed effort to alter the attitudes and behavior of inmates and improve their likely hood
of becoming law-abiding citizens.
Incapacitation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅reducing offender's ability or capacity to
commit further crimes. that most criminals committed several crimes over their lifetime, and
therefore, during the time of their criminal sanction crime is being prevented by their reduced
opportunity.
Restored Justice - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅models of sentencing that shift the focus away
from punishment of the offender and emphasize involving the victim while holding offenders
accountable for the harm they caused and finding opportunity for them to repair the damage.
It more fully implements the overall philosophy of the goal of restitution.
John Howard - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅was imprisoned once and never forgot the
horrendous conditions. An became one of the earliest prison and jail reformers after his
experience. A Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 pushed for the passage of the England
Penitentiary Act of 1779 to require minimum standards for jail conditions
Pretrial diversion - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅provides the opportunity for criminal
offenders to be diverted from processing in the criminal justice system by suspending
criminal processing while offering offenders the chance to participate in treatment programs
and avoid further criminal activity
Treatment alternative to street crimes TASC - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅was one the
earliest diversion programs out of Philadelphia. The program focused on offenders with drug
problems, which was believed to be the cause of their criminal acts.
