CHEM 219 Final Exam (2025) – Principles of Organic Chemistry – Portage Learning Verified Qs & Ans Verified 100% Correct

CHEM 219 Final Exam (2025) – Principles of Organic Chemistry – Portage Learning Verified Qs & Ans Verified 100% Correct The measure of the attraction that an atom has for the electrons in a chemical bond is called A) electron affinity. B) ionization energy. C) electronegativity. D) hybridization. E) London forces. - ANSWER -C) electronegativity. Avogadro's Law - ANSWER -equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules Boyle's Law - ANSWER -Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature and moles, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Mathematically this is written as: PV = PV Gay-Lussac's Law - ANSWER -the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume is constant Charles' Law - ANSWER -the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases Combined Gas Law - ANSWER -the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas Ideal Gas Law - ANSWER -PV=nRT R=.08206 If 5.00 g of Gas A and 5.00 g of Gas B are mixed in the same container, and the partial pressure of Gas B is determined to be twice that of Gas A, what do we know about the gases? - ANSWER -If Gas A has half the partial pressure of Gas B, this indicates that there are fewer moles of it at the same mass, and therefore Gas A has twice the molar mass of Gas B mol fraction and partial pressure - ANSWER -the formula for both Amonton's Law - ANSWER -if the volume of a gas is held constant, increasing the temperature of the gas increases its pressure. Boyle's Law in terms of KE - ANSWER -Volume decreased, wall area decreased = increased pressure Avagadro's Law in terms of KE - ANSWER -Container pressure constant, more gas molecules added = increased volume Dalton's Law - ANSWER -The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual pressures (Ptotal=P1+P2+P3...) The kinetic energy (KE) of a particle of mass (m) and speed (u) is given by - ANSWER -KE = 1/2 mu^2 The KE avg of a collection of gas molecules is also directly proportional to the temperature of the gas and may be described by the equation - ANSWER -KEavg = 3/2 RT Kinetic Molecular Theory - ANSWER -The Kinetic Molecular Theory states: ⋅⋅There is no attraction between the gas particles. ⋅⋅The volume available to the gas particles is equal to the volume of the container. ⋅⋅The measured pressure is from collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container. ⋅⋅The average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature of the system. Which of the following gas samples have the greatest average molecular speed at 25°C? - ANSWER -Speed of individual gas molecules is inversely proportional to the molar mass. CH₄ has a molar mass of just over 16 g/mol and is the smallest of the gases listed. Therefore it has the fastest molecular speed. What is the difference between effusion and diffusion? - ANSWER -Effusion is through a pinhole, and diffusion is through open space. Under what conditions are gases most likely to behave ideally? - ANSWER Gases are more likely to behave as ideal gases at low pressures and high temperatures. Particles are moving faster and are farther apart, therefore they are less likely to interact with each other The phrase 'like dissolves like' refers to - ANSWER -"Like dissolves like" refers to the fact that polar molecules dissolve polar molecules, which both have polar and perhaps hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces, while nonpolar molecules dissolve nonpolar molecules, which generally only have dispersion intermolecular forces. Which of the following factors affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent? l. Pressure II. Temperature III. Identity of gas - ANSWER -The solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent is dependent on the nature of the gas, the temperature and the pressure. Generally, the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent increases with lower temperatures and high pressure. Forming solution A from liquid B and liquid C is endothermic. Increasing the pressure above the solution will - ANSWER -Since the solution does not contain any gases, and since liquids are incompressible, then a change in pressure will have no effect on the solution process.