ANAT - 1500 TEST 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
sense organs - Answers eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds
Function of receptors - Answers • Sense a change in their environment
• When stimulated a nerve impulse is triggered
receptors information travels - Answers -To the CNS
-Is processed
-Interpreted
-A sensation is experienced
5 major sensory receptors - Answers mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors,
chemoreceptors, nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors - Answers -respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
-Sense change in pressure or movement of fluids
Chemoreceptors - Answers -Stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations
-Associated with the sense of smell and taste
-Senses chemical changes
Thermoreceptors - Answers -Senses temperature changes
-Hot and cold receptors
Nociceptors - Answers -Pain
-Sense tissue damage
Photoreceptors - Answers -Respond to light
-Light receptors in the eye
Sensation - Answers -stimulation of sense organs
-interpretation of sensory nerve impulses by the brain as an awareness of external / internal
event
How does sensation occur? - Answers • Sensory information is carried to the brain on a sensory
nerve pathway
• The interpretation comes from the region of the cortex where it has been interpreted
,• The feeling however comes from the receptors being stimulated - "projection"
Role of the thalamus in sensation - Answers (switch-board) roots sensory information to the
back of the brain for processing
The thalamus receives crude information about: - Answers o Pain
o Temperature
o Touch
o Proprioceptors
What is reffered pain? - Answers • Visceral sensory (pain) neurons share somatic pathways
Why does reffered pain occur? - Answers because both sites are innervated by the same spinal
nerve and it is difficult for brain to differentiate point of origin
-various structures maintain their same embryonic innervation
taste - Answers -our most intimate sense
-most pleasurable
taste buds - Answers -sensory receptors on our tongue within elated projections found within
papillae
-molecules dissolve
4 basic taste sensations - Answers sweet, sour, bitter, salty
sweet - Answers anterior 1/3
sour - Answers bilateral sides on tongue
bitter - Answers posterior
cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium - Answers •VII - Vestibulocochlear
• Vestibul= balance
• Cochlear= hearing
outer ear - Answers • The external part of the ear
• Earlobe also known as ORACLE or the PINNA
• Funnel shaped
• Directs inwardly to the external auditory canal which is how we collect sound waves
, middle ear - Answers o eardrum/ tympanic cavity
o Tympanic membrane
o Auditory ossicles
auditory tube (eustachian tube) - Answers Connects the middle ear to the throat; helps maintain
air pressure
inner tube - Answers • Set of communicating tubes and chambers - called labyrinth
• Two labyrinths:
o Osseous
o Membranous
perilymph - Answers fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
endolymph - Answers fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
semicircular canals - Answers • Lay at right angles to each other
• Different planes
• Equilibrium
Chochlea - Answers • Snail shaped
• Collection of spaces and membranes
• "origin of corti"
• Functions of sound transmission
Pathway of sound through the ear - Answers pinna, tympanic membrane, middle ear, cochlea
two forces that maintain our equilibrium - Answers static, dynamic
dynamic equilibrium - Answers -Maintains balance when the head or the body is rotated or
suddenly moved
-The site of control is crista apmullaris located in the semicircular canals
static equilibrium - Answers -Sensing the position of the head relative to gravity
-Maintenance of balance when the head and body are in motion
-Site of control - macula densa
sense organs - Answers eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds
Function of receptors - Answers • Sense a change in their environment
• When stimulated a nerve impulse is triggered
receptors information travels - Answers -To the CNS
-Is processed
-Interpreted
-A sensation is experienced
5 major sensory receptors - Answers mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors,
chemoreceptors, nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors - Answers -respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
-Sense change in pressure or movement of fluids
Chemoreceptors - Answers -Stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations
-Associated with the sense of smell and taste
-Senses chemical changes
Thermoreceptors - Answers -Senses temperature changes
-Hot and cold receptors
Nociceptors - Answers -Pain
-Sense tissue damage
Photoreceptors - Answers -Respond to light
-Light receptors in the eye
Sensation - Answers -stimulation of sense organs
-interpretation of sensory nerve impulses by the brain as an awareness of external / internal
event
How does sensation occur? - Answers • Sensory information is carried to the brain on a sensory
nerve pathway
• The interpretation comes from the region of the cortex where it has been interpreted
,• The feeling however comes from the receptors being stimulated - "projection"
Role of the thalamus in sensation - Answers (switch-board) roots sensory information to the
back of the brain for processing
The thalamus receives crude information about: - Answers o Pain
o Temperature
o Touch
o Proprioceptors
What is reffered pain? - Answers • Visceral sensory (pain) neurons share somatic pathways
Why does reffered pain occur? - Answers because both sites are innervated by the same spinal
nerve and it is difficult for brain to differentiate point of origin
-various structures maintain their same embryonic innervation
taste - Answers -our most intimate sense
-most pleasurable
taste buds - Answers -sensory receptors on our tongue within elated projections found within
papillae
-molecules dissolve
4 basic taste sensations - Answers sweet, sour, bitter, salty
sweet - Answers anterior 1/3
sour - Answers bilateral sides on tongue
bitter - Answers posterior
cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium - Answers •VII - Vestibulocochlear
• Vestibul= balance
• Cochlear= hearing
outer ear - Answers • The external part of the ear
• Earlobe also known as ORACLE or the PINNA
• Funnel shaped
• Directs inwardly to the external auditory canal which is how we collect sound waves
, middle ear - Answers o eardrum/ tympanic cavity
o Tympanic membrane
o Auditory ossicles
auditory tube (eustachian tube) - Answers Connects the middle ear to the throat; helps maintain
air pressure
inner tube - Answers • Set of communicating tubes and chambers - called labyrinth
• Two labyrinths:
o Osseous
o Membranous
perilymph - Answers fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
endolymph - Answers fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
semicircular canals - Answers • Lay at right angles to each other
• Different planes
• Equilibrium
Chochlea - Answers • Snail shaped
• Collection of spaces and membranes
• "origin of corti"
• Functions of sound transmission
Pathway of sound through the ear - Answers pinna, tympanic membrane, middle ear, cochlea
two forces that maintain our equilibrium - Answers static, dynamic
dynamic equilibrium - Answers -Maintains balance when the head or the body is rotated or
suddenly moved
-The site of control is crista apmullaris located in the semicircular canals
static equilibrium - Answers -Sensing the position of the head relative to gravity
-Maintenance of balance when the head and body are in motion
-Site of control - macula densa
