NURS5461 EXAM 1 & EXAM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
EXAM 1
Microcytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron deficiency, usually due to
malabsorption/occult blood loss, or lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Due to hemorrhage or chronic
disease. Aplastic anemia. MCV 80-92
Macrocytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Due to folate or vitamin B12
(cobalamin) deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)/pernicious anemia/liver diseases
Serum Ferritin - CORRECT ANSWER - Tests for iron stores. As serum
ferritin falls, TIBC rises, and serum iron levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Normocytic anemia
with ↓ serum iron, ↓ TIBC, and normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give
an iron supplement
Schistocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Associated with hemolytic uremia
syndrome
Pernicious Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Macrocytic anemia caused by
vitamin B12 deficiency. B12 is essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low
levels will cause the RBC to expand. PPIs and histamine2 blockers can cause
this.
,Increased Homocysteine & Methylmalonic Acid Level - CORRECT
ANSWER - Indicates B12 deficiency
Increased Homocysteine Levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Folate deficiency
Spherocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Appear as spheres, lack central pallor,
smaller diameter, indicate immune-mediated process - can be seen after blood
transfusion
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Failure of bone marrow to produce
red blood cells
Low Ferritin - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron Deficiency Anemia
Transferrin - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports Iron
TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) - CORRECT ANSWER - Available
transferrin that is left unbound. Reflects iron levels.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Concentration of hemoglobin per RBC
Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Gradual onset with early
memory impairment. Most common form of dementia.
Lewy Body Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Rapidly progressive dementia
seen with Parkinson syndrome. Visual hallucinations present.
Frontal Lobe Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Personality impairments
before age 60. PDG-PET Scan testing.
,PDG-PET Scan - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures brain glucose metabolism.
Decreased uptake in Alzheimer's.
SSRIs - CORRECT ANSWER - Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Donepezil, Rivastigmine,
Galantamine
Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Acute onset confusion caused by
cholinergic deficiency / Anticholinergic overdose. HALDO treatment of choice
unless patient has Parkinson's or dementia with Lewy bodies - use Quetiapine
Mania in Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Divalproex (Depakote)
First Recommended Treatment for Depression - CORRECT ANSWER -
Exercise
Bipolar Depression Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Mood stabilizer -
Lamotrigine first
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI - Avoid in older adults -
long half-life and too energizing
Neurotransmitter Lost in Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER - Acetylcholine
Diagnosis for Lewy Body / Parkinson Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER -
Must include visual hallucinations and/or Parkinson's signs
, Memantine - CORRECT ANSWER - Used for severe Alzheimer's and in
combination with a cholinesterase inhibitor
Citalopram (Celexa) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI. Effective in treating
agitation and psychosis - no more than 20mg due to prolonged QT
Treatment for Mania in Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Divalproex
Sodium (Depakote) - Monitor liver function
Cause of Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Cholinergic or Anticholinergic
Deficiency
Treatment for Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Haloperidol (Haldol) - Avoid
in Parkinson's or Lewy Body Dementia (Consider Quetiapine)
Antipsychotic Drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - Can worsen Parkinson's
symptoms by blocking dopamine. Consider Atypical Antipsychotics like
Quetiapine for delirium in Parkinson's patients
Preferred Medication for Bipolar Depression - CORRECT ANSWER - Mood
Stabilizers - LAMOTRIGINE
Sertraline (Zoloft) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI effective for treating
geriatric depression
Essential Tremor - CORRECT ANSWER - Bilateral tremor, improves with
alcohol, treat with beta blockers
Chorea - CORRECT ANSWER - Hyperkinetic movement disorder involving
the striatum. Treat with dopamine receptor blockers like Risperidone or
VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
EXAM 1
Microcytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron deficiency, usually due to
malabsorption/occult blood loss, or lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Due to hemorrhage or chronic
disease. Aplastic anemia. MCV 80-92
Macrocytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Due to folate or vitamin B12
(cobalamin) deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)/pernicious anemia/liver diseases
Serum Ferritin - CORRECT ANSWER - Tests for iron stores. As serum
ferritin falls, TIBC rises, and serum iron levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Normocytic anemia
with ↓ serum iron, ↓ TIBC, and normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give
an iron supplement
Schistocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Associated with hemolytic uremia
syndrome
Pernicious Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Macrocytic anemia caused by
vitamin B12 deficiency. B12 is essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low
levels will cause the RBC to expand. PPIs and histamine2 blockers can cause
this.
,Increased Homocysteine & Methylmalonic Acid Level - CORRECT
ANSWER - Indicates B12 deficiency
Increased Homocysteine Levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Folate deficiency
Spherocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Appear as spheres, lack central pallor,
smaller diameter, indicate immune-mediated process - can be seen after blood
transfusion
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - Failure of bone marrow to produce
red blood cells
Low Ferritin - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron Deficiency Anemia
Transferrin - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports Iron
TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) - CORRECT ANSWER - Available
transferrin that is left unbound. Reflects iron levels.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Concentration of hemoglobin per RBC
Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Gradual onset with early
memory impairment. Most common form of dementia.
Lewy Body Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Rapidly progressive dementia
seen with Parkinson syndrome. Visual hallucinations present.
Frontal Lobe Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Personality impairments
before age 60. PDG-PET Scan testing.
,PDG-PET Scan - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures brain glucose metabolism.
Decreased uptake in Alzheimer's.
SSRIs - CORRECT ANSWER - Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Donepezil, Rivastigmine,
Galantamine
Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Acute onset confusion caused by
cholinergic deficiency / Anticholinergic overdose. HALDO treatment of choice
unless patient has Parkinson's or dementia with Lewy bodies - use Quetiapine
Mania in Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Divalproex (Depakote)
First Recommended Treatment for Depression - CORRECT ANSWER -
Exercise
Bipolar Depression Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Mood stabilizer -
Lamotrigine first
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI - Avoid in older adults -
long half-life and too energizing
Neurotransmitter Lost in Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER - Acetylcholine
Diagnosis for Lewy Body / Parkinson Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER -
Must include visual hallucinations and/or Parkinson's signs
, Memantine - CORRECT ANSWER - Used for severe Alzheimer's and in
combination with a cholinesterase inhibitor
Citalopram (Celexa) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI. Effective in treating
agitation and psychosis - no more than 20mg due to prolonged QT
Treatment for Mania in Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER - Divalproex
Sodium (Depakote) - Monitor liver function
Cause of Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Cholinergic or Anticholinergic
Deficiency
Treatment for Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER - Haloperidol (Haldol) - Avoid
in Parkinson's or Lewy Body Dementia (Consider Quetiapine)
Antipsychotic Drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - Can worsen Parkinson's
symptoms by blocking dopamine. Consider Atypical Antipsychotics like
Quetiapine for delirium in Parkinson's patients
Preferred Medication for Bipolar Depression - CORRECT ANSWER - Mood
Stabilizers - LAMOTRIGINE
Sertraline (Zoloft) - CORRECT ANSWER - SSRI effective for treating
geriatric depression
Essential Tremor - CORRECT ANSWER - Bilateral tremor, improves with
alcohol, treat with beta blockers
Chorea - CORRECT ANSWER - Hyperkinetic movement disorder involving
the striatum. Treat with dopamine receptor blockers like Risperidone or
