NURS_V 346 Theoretical Perspectives in Nursing: Infants, Children, Youth and their Families
NURS 346 FINAL EXAM WINTER 2025/2026 PEDIATRICS
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA GRADED A
who is most impacted by the idea that kids cannot report their pain?
NV kids and infants due to lack of verbal cues
often at risk of lack of pain control
Pain management 3 kinds and what we use
pre-procedural: before an IV e.g. lidocaine
mild: NSAIDs or Acetaminophen (good first try and lots of options)
moderate to severe: opioids e.g. IN fentanyl, morphine
3 Ps for making pain better
1. physical e.g. cuddle
2. psychological e.g. distraction, breathing, videos
3. pharmacological
how does pain mgmt differ between adults and children
in adults - 3 step, 2nd is combination opioids e.g. tramadol, codeine
children use a 2 step ladder --> moderate to severe get opioids
3 non-pharmacological techniques and their associated age groups
,NURS_V 346 Theoretical Perspectives in Nursing: Infants, Children, Youth and their Families
1. physical comfort e.g., being in moms lap
(neonate to older child)
2. breathing techniques (older children to adolescents)
3. distraction (toddler to adolescent)
how else can we manage stress?
midazolam - also has amnesic effects
specific techniques for infants (5)
swaddling
tucking or hand hugging
breastfeeding or non-nutritive sucking
skin to skin
oral sucrose
non verbal pain cues
, NURS_V 346 Theoretical Perspectives in Nursing: Infants, Children, Youth and their Families
moaning
repeated calling out
irritable/fussy
clenching/rigidity
sleep disturbances
fingers splayed/stop sign
ask parent
for which age group would we use FLACC
infants to 7y
OR
any NV child
what ages would we use the Faces scale for
4-7y
CPCH zones of health:
Green
stable/robust: only needs routine assessment - living a good little life
CPCH zones of health:
Yellow
unstable/robust: usually green but now needs urgent assessment by team (e.g. green child with
RSV)
NURS 346 FINAL EXAM WINTER 2025/2026 PEDIATRICS
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA GRADED A
who is most impacted by the idea that kids cannot report their pain?
NV kids and infants due to lack of verbal cues
often at risk of lack of pain control
Pain management 3 kinds and what we use
pre-procedural: before an IV e.g. lidocaine
mild: NSAIDs or Acetaminophen (good first try and lots of options)
moderate to severe: opioids e.g. IN fentanyl, morphine
3 Ps for making pain better
1. physical e.g. cuddle
2. psychological e.g. distraction, breathing, videos
3. pharmacological
how does pain mgmt differ between adults and children
in adults - 3 step, 2nd is combination opioids e.g. tramadol, codeine
children use a 2 step ladder --> moderate to severe get opioids
3 non-pharmacological techniques and their associated age groups
,NURS_V 346 Theoretical Perspectives in Nursing: Infants, Children, Youth and their Families
1. physical comfort e.g., being in moms lap
(neonate to older child)
2. breathing techniques (older children to adolescents)
3. distraction (toddler to adolescent)
how else can we manage stress?
midazolam - also has amnesic effects
specific techniques for infants (5)
swaddling
tucking or hand hugging
breastfeeding or non-nutritive sucking
skin to skin
oral sucrose
non verbal pain cues
, NURS_V 346 Theoretical Perspectives in Nursing: Infants, Children, Youth and their Families
moaning
repeated calling out
irritable/fussy
clenching/rigidity
sleep disturbances
fingers splayed/stop sign
ask parent
for which age group would we use FLACC
infants to 7y
OR
any NV child
what ages would we use the Faces scale for
4-7y
CPCH zones of health:
Green
stable/robust: only needs routine assessment - living a good little life
CPCH zones of health:
Yellow
unstable/robust: usually green but now needs urgent assessment by team (e.g. green child with
RSV)
