Mammography Boards Review Exam |311 Q’s and A’s
Robert Egan - -"the Father of Mammography"
-What is the Gold standard for contrast resolution? - -Digital mammography
-Xeroradiography - -Involved the use of regular a x-ray tube, selenium plates, and special
processing and conditioning equipment.
-What is the risk ratio of breast cancer in women? - -1 in 8
-How does the size of a cancerous lesion relate to the survival rate? - -Directly
-How does cancer appear? - -White on white, which is why HIGH contrast films is
important.
-At what age does the ACS recommend yearly mammograms begin? - -40
-What are the 6 reasons a women give for NOT having a mammogram? - -1. No symptoms
2. Fear of Cancer
3. Cost
4. Discomfort
5. Radiation
6. Wrong diagnosis
-How often does the FDA inspect a mammography facility onsite? - -Yearly
-What is the number one risk factor for breast cancer? - -Being female
-When is the best time to perform self breast examination? - -1. In a menstruating female,
1 week after the start of period.
2. In a post menopausal woman, on the same date every month.
-The two breasts of a woman should be "what" of each other? - -Mirror Images
-Where is the most likely location for breast cancer? - -Upper outer quadrant (50%)
-What type of well developed gland is the breast? - -An apocrine sweat gland
-What is the function of the breast? - -To produce and secrete milk during lactation.
-What portion of the breast is considered the base of the breast? - -The portion that is
against the chest wall.
-What breast anatomy lies at the apex of the breast? - -The nipple
, -What is the location of the breast? - -From the 2nd to 6th-7th rib and from sternal edge to
the midaxillary line.
-What are the two names for the upper outer portion of the breast? - -1. Axillary taill
2. Tail of spence
-What are the boundaries of the breast? - -From the skin on the outside to the pectoral
muscle on the inside of the breast.
-What is the areola? - -Centrally located pigmented area.
-What are the little bumps around the areola? - -The openings to the ducts of
Montgomery's glands.
-What is the function of the Montgomery glands? - -To provide lubrication during
lactation.
-Where is the nipple located? - -In the center of the areola.
-What can sudden nipple inversion indicate? - -Malignancy
-At what position is an accessory nipple most likely to be? - -Underneath the breast at the
6 o'clock position.
-Where does the breast lie in conjunction with the pectoralis muscle? - -Anterior
-What is the layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia the separates the breast from the
muscle called? - -Retromammary fat space
-What are the supportive structures of the breast called? - -Cooper's ligaments
-Where are the mobile borders of the breast? - -The lateral side and the inframammary
fold
-In the breast, the parenchyma consists of what structures? - -1. Glandular tissue
2. Lymphatics
3. Blood vessels
4. Connective and supportive stroma
-Where is the majority of glandular tissue in the breast located? - -Centrally and laterally
-What tissue does cancer arise from in the breast? - -Glandular tissue
-A stellate or ragged border is a sign of what? - -Malignancy
, -Behind the nipple there is a collecting duct that widens into what structure? - -Lactiferous
sinus or ampula
-What milk producing elements only truly for during pregnancy and disappear after
lactation? - -Acini
-What does TDLU stand for? - -Terminal ductal lobular unit
-What is the TDLU responsible for? - -Milk production and hormonal and nutritional
exchange.
-What structure do most pathologies arise from? - -TDLU
-What type of cells line the lumen? - -Epithelial cells
-What is the path of atrophy in the breast? - -Begins medially and posteriorly and works
it's way toward the nipple.
-New growth seen in an area that has atrophied can signify what? - -Cancer
-In weight loss, what occurs with the glandular tissues? - -Regression
-In weight gain, what occurs with glandular tissue? - -Increases
-Pregnancy will cause the breasts to become what? - -More dense and difficult to
penetrate.
-When is the best time for a woman to have a mammogram? - -The week after her period
because the breasts are less tender.
-What does hormone replacement therapy cause? - -A proliferation of the glandular tissue.
-How does adipose tissue appear on the film? - -Black or gray
-How will ductal structures appear in the breast? - -As a pattern of radial lines extending
back from the nipple.
-What are disruptions in ductal structures referred to as? - -Architectural distortion
-What are the structures sometimes referred to as "train tracks" on the film? - -Blood
vessels that have calcified.
-What are the four tissue compositions? - -1. Fatty-predominately fatty composition
2. Fibro-fatty-more fat than glandular tissue
3. Fibro-glandular-more glandular than fat tissue
4. Glandular-predominantly glandular composition
Robert Egan - -"the Father of Mammography"
-What is the Gold standard for contrast resolution? - -Digital mammography
-Xeroradiography - -Involved the use of regular a x-ray tube, selenium plates, and special
processing and conditioning equipment.
-What is the risk ratio of breast cancer in women? - -1 in 8
-How does the size of a cancerous lesion relate to the survival rate? - -Directly
-How does cancer appear? - -White on white, which is why HIGH contrast films is
important.
-At what age does the ACS recommend yearly mammograms begin? - -40
-What are the 6 reasons a women give for NOT having a mammogram? - -1. No symptoms
2. Fear of Cancer
3. Cost
4. Discomfort
5. Radiation
6. Wrong diagnosis
-How often does the FDA inspect a mammography facility onsite? - -Yearly
-What is the number one risk factor for breast cancer? - -Being female
-When is the best time to perform self breast examination? - -1. In a menstruating female,
1 week after the start of period.
2. In a post menopausal woman, on the same date every month.
-The two breasts of a woman should be "what" of each other? - -Mirror Images
-Where is the most likely location for breast cancer? - -Upper outer quadrant (50%)
-What type of well developed gland is the breast? - -An apocrine sweat gland
-What is the function of the breast? - -To produce and secrete milk during lactation.
-What portion of the breast is considered the base of the breast? - -The portion that is
against the chest wall.
-What breast anatomy lies at the apex of the breast? - -The nipple
, -What is the location of the breast? - -From the 2nd to 6th-7th rib and from sternal edge to
the midaxillary line.
-What are the two names for the upper outer portion of the breast? - -1. Axillary taill
2. Tail of spence
-What are the boundaries of the breast? - -From the skin on the outside to the pectoral
muscle on the inside of the breast.
-What is the areola? - -Centrally located pigmented area.
-What are the little bumps around the areola? - -The openings to the ducts of
Montgomery's glands.
-What is the function of the Montgomery glands? - -To provide lubrication during
lactation.
-Where is the nipple located? - -In the center of the areola.
-What can sudden nipple inversion indicate? - -Malignancy
-At what position is an accessory nipple most likely to be? - -Underneath the breast at the
6 o'clock position.
-Where does the breast lie in conjunction with the pectoralis muscle? - -Anterior
-What is the layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia the separates the breast from the
muscle called? - -Retromammary fat space
-What are the supportive structures of the breast called? - -Cooper's ligaments
-Where are the mobile borders of the breast? - -The lateral side and the inframammary
fold
-In the breast, the parenchyma consists of what structures? - -1. Glandular tissue
2. Lymphatics
3. Blood vessels
4. Connective and supportive stroma
-Where is the majority of glandular tissue in the breast located? - -Centrally and laterally
-What tissue does cancer arise from in the breast? - -Glandular tissue
-A stellate or ragged border is a sign of what? - -Malignancy
, -Behind the nipple there is a collecting duct that widens into what structure? - -Lactiferous
sinus or ampula
-What milk producing elements only truly for during pregnancy and disappear after
lactation? - -Acini
-What does TDLU stand for? - -Terminal ductal lobular unit
-What is the TDLU responsible for? - -Milk production and hormonal and nutritional
exchange.
-What structure do most pathologies arise from? - -TDLU
-What type of cells line the lumen? - -Epithelial cells
-What is the path of atrophy in the breast? - -Begins medially and posteriorly and works
it's way toward the nipple.
-New growth seen in an area that has atrophied can signify what? - -Cancer
-In weight loss, what occurs with the glandular tissues? - -Regression
-In weight gain, what occurs with glandular tissue? - -Increases
-Pregnancy will cause the breasts to become what? - -More dense and difficult to
penetrate.
-When is the best time for a woman to have a mammogram? - -The week after her period
because the breasts are less tender.
-What does hormone replacement therapy cause? - -A proliferation of the glandular tissue.
-How does adipose tissue appear on the film? - -Black or gray
-How will ductal structures appear in the breast? - -As a pattern of radial lines extending
back from the nipple.
-What are disruptions in ductal structures referred to as? - -Architectural distortion
-What are the structures sometimes referred to as "train tracks" on the film? - -Blood
vessels that have calcified.
-What are the four tissue compositions? - -1. Fatty-predominately fatty composition
2. Fibro-fatty-more fat than glandular tissue
3. Fibro-glandular-more glandular than fat tissue
4. Glandular-predominantly glandular composition
