PHYS 261 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
MOST RECENT UPDATED 2025
ANSWERS.GRADE A+ ASSURED
is the movement of fluid from Plasma to the Bowmans Capsule - answer ✔✔-Filtration
is the movement of filtered materials from tuble to blood - answer ✔✔-Reabsorption
is the movement of selected molecules from blood to tubule - answer ✔✔-secretion
Renal Corpuscle - answer ✔✔-Filtration Occurs in the
pass first through glomerular capillary (fenestrated) endothelium, then through a basal lamina, and
finally through Bowmans capsule epithelium before reaching the lumen of Bowmans capsule - answer
✔✔-Filtered solutes must
most components of plasma to enter the tubule but excludes blood cells and most plasma proteins (due
to the glomerular basement membrane being negatively charged). So we will find things in the filtrate
like potassium, glucose, and sodium for ex. - answer ✔✔-Filtration allows
Podocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries and create filtration flits. - answer ✔✔-The
Bowmans capsule epithelium has specialized cells called
are associated with the glomerular capillaries - answer ✔✔-Mesangial cells
is the amount of fluid that filters into Bowmans capsule per unit time. Average GFR is 125mL/min, or
180 L/ day. It also indicates the health of the kidneys (calculated by: UX X V/Px) - answer ✔✔-
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
, Amount excreted= amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted - answer ✔✔-Amount
excreted =
these cells detect NaCl in the filtrate. Cells send a paracrine signal to the afferent arteriole, which
constricts - answer ✔✔-Macula densa cells
Glucose, amino acids, ions and various organic metabolites are reabsorbed by Na+ - linked secondary
active transport. = (glucose & amino acids are reabsorbed by symport with sodium) - answer ✔✔-
Reabsorption happens where
reabsorb fluid along their entire length - answer ✔✔-Pertubular capillaries
excretion by removing solutes from the peritubular capillaries K+, H+, and a variety of organic
compounds are secreted - answer ✔✔-Secretion enhances
gives urine its characteristics yellow color - answer ✔✔-Urobilin
distal nephron cells to insert aquaporin water pores in their apical membrane - answer ✔✔-Vasopressin
causes
osmolarity or a decrease in blood pressure will stimulate vasopressin release from the posterior
pituitary. Osmolarity is monitored by hypothalamic osmoreceptors (in the hypothalamus). Blood
pressure and blood volume are sensed by receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies, and in the arteria
respectively. - answer ✔✔-An increase in ECF
can be controlled directly at the adrenal cortex. Its function is to stimulate sodium reabsorption and
potassium secretion in the kidneys - answer ✔✔-Aldosterone secretion
angiotensin 2. Granular cells in the kidney secrete rennin, which converts angiotensinogen in the blood
to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts ANG 1 to ANG 2 - answer ✔✔-
Aldosterone secretion is also stimulated by
aids in calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule - answer ✔✔-Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
MOST RECENT UPDATED 2025
ANSWERS.GRADE A+ ASSURED
is the movement of fluid from Plasma to the Bowmans Capsule - answer ✔✔-Filtration
is the movement of filtered materials from tuble to blood - answer ✔✔-Reabsorption
is the movement of selected molecules from blood to tubule - answer ✔✔-secretion
Renal Corpuscle - answer ✔✔-Filtration Occurs in the
pass first through glomerular capillary (fenestrated) endothelium, then through a basal lamina, and
finally through Bowmans capsule epithelium before reaching the lumen of Bowmans capsule - answer
✔✔-Filtered solutes must
most components of plasma to enter the tubule but excludes blood cells and most plasma proteins (due
to the glomerular basement membrane being negatively charged). So we will find things in the filtrate
like potassium, glucose, and sodium for ex. - answer ✔✔-Filtration allows
Podocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries and create filtration flits. - answer ✔✔-The
Bowmans capsule epithelium has specialized cells called
are associated with the glomerular capillaries - answer ✔✔-Mesangial cells
is the amount of fluid that filters into Bowmans capsule per unit time. Average GFR is 125mL/min, or
180 L/ day. It also indicates the health of the kidneys (calculated by: UX X V/Px) - answer ✔✔-
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
, Amount excreted= amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted - answer ✔✔-Amount
excreted =
these cells detect NaCl in the filtrate. Cells send a paracrine signal to the afferent arteriole, which
constricts - answer ✔✔-Macula densa cells
Glucose, amino acids, ions and various organic metabolites are reabsorbed by Na+ - linked secondary
active transport. = (glucose & amino acids are reabsorbed by symport with sodium) - answer ✔✔-
Reabsorption happens where
reabsorb fluid along their entire length - answer ✔✔-Pertubular capillaries
excretion by removing solutes from the peritubular capillaries K+, H+, and a variety of organic
compounds are secreted - answer ✔✔-Secretion enhances
gives urine its characteristics yellow color - answer ✔✔-Urobilin
distal nephron cells to insert aquaporin water pores in their apical membrane - answer ✔✔-Vasopressin
causes
osmolarity or a decrease in blood pressure will stimulate vasopressin release from the posterior
pituitary. Osmolarity is monitored by hypothalamic osmoreceptors (in the hypothalamus). Blood
pressure and blood volume are sensed by receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies, and in the arteria
respectively. - answer ✔✔-An increase in ECF
can be controlled directly at the adrenal cortex. Its function is to stimulate sodium reabsorption and
potassium secretion in the kidneys - answer ✔✔-Aldosterone secretion
angiotensin 2. Granular cells in the kidney secrete rennin, which converts angiotensinogen in the blood
to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts ANG 1 to ANG 2 - answer ✔✔-
Aldosterone secretion is also stimulated by
aids in calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule - answer ✔✔-Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
