UPDATE 2025/2026 GRADED A+
5 steps of nursing - correct answer1. Assessment
2. Human Needs Statement (NURS DIAG)
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Assessment - correct answerCollect and organize data
Objective and Subjective
Know all the meds they take
Human Needs Statement - correct answerAKA Nursing Diagnosis
related to, as evidenced by
Planning - correct answerPrioritize human needs statement
Identify outcomes
SMART
Implementation - correct answerCarry out the plan
Nursing interventions
9 rights for drug therapy
Evaluation - correct answerAre outcomes met?
Continuous process
Monitor pt response to drug therapy
9 rights of medication administration - correct answerRight drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right documentation
Right reason
Right response
Right to Refuse
Pharmacokinetics ADME - correct answerThe process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
, Absorbtion - correct answerThe process by which nutrient molecules pass through the
wall of the digestive system into the blood
From the location of administration
IV (fastest), IM, SQ, PO, PR
Main site is GI
Bioavailability - correct answerRate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed
and used
Factors that affect absorbtion - correct answerRoute of administration
Presence of food in the stomach
Drug Formulation
First pass effect - correct answerThe initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed
from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
Reduces the bioavailability of the drug to less than 100%
Drug goes thru "metal detector" than back into blood stream
Enteral- GI tract
Parenteral- IV
Loading dose - correct answerinitial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the
beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose.
A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively
slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life
Distribution - correct answerSent to specific areas of the body by body fluid.
Binds to specific binding sites
Highway of the body is the blood stream
Albumin - correct answerMost common blood protein and carries the majority of protein-
bound drug molecule
Metabolism (aka biotransformation) - correct answerBreaks down a drug, like a coffee
filter for PO medications and sends it out to your body.
Main site is the liver.
Can also metabolize in lungs, kidneys, blood, and intestines.
Excretion - correct answerElimination of drugs from the body
Main site is kidneys 90%
Bowel and exocrine glands
Half life - correct answerThe time required for one-half (50%) of a given drug to be
removed from the body
Can do labs to determine how much is left in the body (ex lithium or digoxin)
Pts with renal failure have a hard time excreting medication.