TEST BANK FOR STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 4TH EDITION

TEST BANK FOR STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
jj jj jj jj jj


NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 4TH EDITION
ffjj jj jj jj jj jj jj

, Stahl'sEssentialPsychopharmacology
Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDE jj jj jj jj f f jj jj




Chapter1 Chemical neurotransmission f ff ff



MULTIPLE CHOICE ff



1. A patient withdepression mentions to thenurse, Mymothersays depression isa
f f f f ff ff f f f f ff f



chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



theorythat depression primarily involves which of the following
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



neurotransmitters?
ff



a. Cortisol and GABA ff ff




b. COMTand glutamate f f




c. Monamine and glycine ff ff



d. Serotonin andnorepinephrine ff f



ANS: D
ff ff



One possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


neurotransmitters.Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



important in the regulation of depression. There is no research to support that the
ff jj ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



other options play a significant role in the development of depression.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



2. A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that
f f f f f f



has resulted in damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



reinforcethisdiagnosis? f



a. Observingthe patient pickup a spoon f f f f ff ff




b. Askingthe patient to recitethe alphabet f f ff ff f ff




c. Monitoringthe patients blood pressure f ff ff ff



d. Comparingthepatients grip strength in both hands f f f f f f f



ANS: B
ff ff



Accidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


(i.e., motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f



f muscle strengthare notcontrolled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.
f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



3. The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



medications are always prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be
ff jj ff ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff ff



based on information thatthe therapeutic actionof psychotropic drugs isthe
ff ff ff f ff ff f ff f ff f



result of their
ff ff ff



effect on: ff



a. The temporallobe; especiallyWernickes area f f f f f




b. Dendrites and theirabilitytotransmit electrical impulses ff ff f f f ff ff




c. The regulation ofneurotransmitters especiallydopamine
ff ff f ff



d. Theperipheral nervoussystemsensitivityto thepsychotropic medications
f f f f f f ff

,ANS: C ff



Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



cleftand have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



schizophrenia, on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system are not relevant to either
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



schizophrenia or psychotropic medications.
ff jj ff ff



4. Astudent nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary tohave to
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



struggle withunderstanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic
ff jj ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



system. The mentor would base aresponse onthe understanding that it is:
ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff f ff ff ff ff



Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


a. primarilyonbehavioral interventions ff




Acomplex undertakingthat advancepracticepsychiatric nurses
f f f ff f f f


b. frequentlyusein their practice ff ff ff




Important primarilyforthenursing assessment ofpatients f f f f ff f f


c. withbraintraumacaused cognitive symptoms
ff ff ff



Necessaryfor planningpsychiatriccare for allpatients f f f f ff f f


d. especiallythoseexperiencing psychiatric disorders
ff ff ff




ANS: D ff



Nurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have a
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



neurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. This
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



understanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of knowledge
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



is notused exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor is it relevant
ff jj ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



for only behavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with the results of
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



normal and abnormal brain function is a responsibilityof all nurses providing all
ff ff f ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff ff



types ofcare tothe psychiatric patient.
ff ff ff ff ff



5. A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



byherchronic depression? Whichresponse issupported byresearch data?
ff f ff f ff f ff f f



a. Too much stress has beenproven to causeallkinds of cancer. f ff f ff f ff ff f f f f




b. There have been no researchstudies doneonstress and disease yet.
f ff f ff f ff f f ff ff f




c. Stressdoes cause thereleaseof factorsthat suppress theimmune system. f f ff f f f f f ff f ff




d. There appears tobe littleconnection betweenstress and diseasesof thebody f ff f ff f ff f ff ff f ff f



ANS: C
ff ff



Research indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


that suppress theimmunesystem. Studiesindicatethatpsychiatricdisorders suchas
f f f f f f f f f f



mooddisorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



immune system.Research does not support a connection between many cancers
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



and stress. There is a significant amount of research about stress and the body.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



Research has shown that there are some connections between stress and
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



physicaldisease.
ff

, 6. A patient who has a parietal lobe injury is being evaluated for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



psychiatric rehabilitation needs. Of the aspects of functioning listed, which
ff ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff ff



will the nurseidentifyas a focus of nursing intervention?
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



a. Expression of emotion ff ff




b. Detecting auditorystimuli f f




c. Receivingvisual images f ff




d. Processingassociations f



ANS: D
ff ff



The parietal lobe is responsible for associating andprocessingsensory
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f f


informationthat allows for functions such as following directions on a map, reading a ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



clock, dressing self, keeping appointments, and distinguishing right from left.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



Emotional expression is associated with frontal lobe function. Detecting auditory
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



stimuli is a temporal lobe function. Receiving visual images is related to occipital
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



lobe function.
ff ff



7. At admission, the nurse learns that some time ago the patient had an
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



infarct in theright cerebral cortex. During assessment, the nurse would expect
ff ff jj ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



to find that the patient:
ff ff ff ff ff



a. Demonstrates major deficiencies in speech ff ff ff ff




b. Is unable to effectively hold a spoonin thelefthand
f ff ff f ff ff f ff f f




c. Has difficultyexplaininghowtogo about using the telephone ff f f f f f f ff



d. Cannot usehis righthand to shave himself or comb his own hair f f f f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f



ANS: B
ff ff



The cerebral hemispheres are responsible for functionssuch as controlof
ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff ff f


muscles.The right hemisphere mainly controls the motor and sensory functions on ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



the left sideof the body. Damage to the right side would result in impaired function
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



on the left side of the body. The motor cortex controls voluntary motor activity.
ff ff jj ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



Brocas area controls motor speech. Cognitive functions are attributed to the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



association cortex.
ff ff



The right side of thebodys motor activity is controlled bytheleft cerebral cortex.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f f ff f


8. A patient with chronic schizophrenia had a stroke involving the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



hippocampus. Thepatient will be discharged on low doses of haloperidol. The
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



nurse will need toindividualize the patients medication teaching by:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff



a. Includingthe patients caregiver in the education f ff ff ff ff ff




b. Beingcareful to stress theimportance oftaking the medication as prescribed f ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff




Providing the education at a time when the patient is emotionally
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


c. calm andrelaxed jj



Encouraging thepatientto crush ordissolve the medication to f f f ff ff f f ff ff


d. help withswallowing ff jj



ANS: A ff