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1st Amendment - Answer✅✅Establishes freedom of religion,speech,press,assembly,
and petition.
Definition of religion under the 1st amendment - Answer✅✅Citizens have the right
to worship a god or supreme being (Or not to hold such beliefs). The government
can not require or force observations or compel citizens to follow any particular
religion.
Definition of Speech under the 1st amendment - Answer✅✅Protected speech
includes spoken and written words, the act of not speaking and symbolic conduct.
What are the following types of speech not protected by the 1st amendment. -
Answer✅✅Obscenity, fighting words, threats, incendiary speech.
2nd Amendment - Answer✅✅Establishes the right to keep and bear arms.
Intended to keep and protect the individuals right to possess personal firearm for
lawful purposes.
4th Amendment - Answer✅✅Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures by the
government.
,Definition of a Search - Answer✅✅Physical invasion or intrusion of privacy by
police on people, homes or personal property to obtain info or gather evidence.
Definition of a seizure - Answer✅✅When police take possession of property, make
an arrest, or restrict a persons ability to move freely.
5th Amendment - Answer✅✅Prohibits citizens from being punished for the same
offense twice (Double Jeopardy) from being compelled to testify against themselves
(Self-Incrimination) provides the right to indictment for certain types of offenses by a
grand jury and guarantees due process of law.
6th Amendment - Answer✅✅Requires all persons charged with a crime be
informed of charges against them. People charged with a crime have a right to
council and right to a speedy trial by impartial jury.
8th Amendment - Answer✅✅Protects people from excessive bail and fines and
prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
14th Amendment - Answer✅✅Provided the people of all states the right to "Due
Process" and Equal Protection" under the law.
Definition of Due Process - Answer✅✅Notice and opportunity to be heard fairly.
Definition of Constitutional Law - Answer✅✅Basic law of the land
Bill of Rights definition - Answer✅✅First 10 amendments to the Constitution
US constitution definition - Answer✅✅Supreme Law of the land 7 articles 27
amendments
Massachusetts constitution Definition - Answer✅✅The commonwealths document
that describes how state government is structured and articulates the rights of all
residents.
Mass Constitution Article 12 (XII) Definition - Answer✅✅No Subject shall be held to
answer for any crimes or offense, until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and
formally, described to him; or be compelled to accuse, or furnish evidence against
him. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his
property, immunities, or privileges, put out of the protection of the law, exiled, or
deprived of his life, liberty, or estate , but by the judgement of his peers, or the law
of the land.
Mass constitution Article 14 (XIV) - Answer✅✅Every subject has a right to be
secure from all unreasonable searches, and seizures, of his person, his house, his
papers, and all his possessions.
, Statutory Law - Answer✅✅Written and enacted by legislative branches of state or
federal governments. Declare, command, or prohibit something.
Case Law - Answer✅✅Decisions by federal and mass courts, primarily the U.S.
Supreme Court, the SJC, and Mass appeals court.
Objective - Answer✅✅"Others" - What a reasonable person would do, act, or
believe
Subjective - Answer✅✅"Self" - What an individual person did or believed
Reasonable Suspicion - Answer✅✅Must be based on specific and articulable facts
which, when taken together, would convince a person of reasonable caution to
believe that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.
Probable Cause - Answer✅✅Trustworthy facts and circumstances sufficient to
convince a person of reasonable caution to believe that it is more likely than not.
Probable Cause - in the case of a search. - Answer✅✅A specific item subject to
seizure will be found in the place to be searched.
Probable Cause - in the case of an arrest - Answer✅✅A crime has been committed
and the person to be arrested has committed it.
Collective Knowledge - Answer✅✅Knowledge of one is the knowledge of all.
Information held by one may be used to establish reasonable suspicion or probable
cause even if not witnessed firsthand by or communicated to the officer making the
stop, search, or arrest.
Veracity - Answer✅✅Whether the source is reliable or believable
Basis of Knowledge - Answer✅✅Is how the source or witness acquired the
information
Specific + Articulable facts - Answer✅✅Area of encounter, Reason for encounter,
Officer Training experience, familiarity of defendant, Defendants nervousness or
evasive conduct, High crime area
Exclusionary Rule - Answer✅✅Makes any evidence obtained by police in a
unreasonable search and seizure inadmissible in court.
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree - Answer✅✅Any evidence directly derived from the
illegal search or evidence found incidental to the unlawful search will, generally
speaking, be suppressed.
Exclusionary Rule Exceptions - Answer✅✅Attenuation/Purging the taint,
Independent source, Defective warrant, Invalid arrest