NURS265 - Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
1. what was the first discovered medication? when was it discovered?: penicillin,
1920s
2. true or false: anti-infective agents have total selective toxicity: false
*anti-infectives will have side effects and effect other parts of the body no matter what
3. true or false: not taking anti-infective doses at the same time daily or missing
doses can be harmful: true
4. what should children be monitored for when using drug therapy?: - toxicity
- liver and kidney function
5. what should older adults be monitored for when using drug therapy?: liver
function
6. what are the therapeutic actions of anti-infectives?: - interfere with cell wall synthesis
- prevent organism from replicating/regrowing by blocking essential substances
- interfere with protein synthesis
- interfere with DNA synthesis
- alter cell membrane permeability (rupture cell wall)
7. what are broad spectrum anti-infectives? are there any risks?: - effective against
numerous types of microorganisms
- can harm microbial flora
8. what are narrow spectrum antibiotics?: - effective against few microorganisms
- more specific to pathogen/enzymes
*use as often as possible
9. define bactericidal/fungicidal: anti-infectives that cause cell death
10. define bacteriostatic/fungistatic: anti-infectives that prevent or slow replication
*DO NOT KILL THE ORGANISM
11. what is the goal of anti-infective therapy?: reduce the population of the invading organism
12. what is the most important intervention for preventing infection?: HANDWASH-
ING
*us and patients
, NURS265 - Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
13. what is resistance? is it constantly occuring or rare?: the ability for microorganisms to
adapt/survive an anti-infective agent and produce cells that aren't affected by that drug
*it is constantly occurring
14. what are three methods of microbes acquiring drug resistance?: - produce
deactivating enzymes for the drug
- alter cellular permeability to prevent the drug from entering
- alter binding sites to prevent acceptance of the drug
15. what are some ways to prevent anti-infective resistance?: - limit antimicrobial use (do
not give to viral infections)
- ensure adequate (high enough) doses and long enough duration
- take the entire course of medication
- do not use anti-infective drugs indiscriminately
16. when creating a drug therapy plan, what is it important to use?: absolute numbers
regarding dose, frequency, and duration
17. what are synergistic drugs: two or more drugs used to enhance the effects of a particular medication
18. define culture and sensitivty: culture - identifying the pathogen
sensitivity - identifying what anti-infectives are effective against the pathogen
19. what is a prophylaxis medication? when is it commonly used?: - a dose of an
antibiotic given to PREVENT infection
- commonly used before surgery
20. what are some common adverse reactions to drug therapy?: - kidney damage
- neurotoxicity (nerves/nerve impulses)
- hypersensitivity reactions (allergies)
- superinfections
21. what microbes do antibiotics target?: bacteria
22. are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
23. what are the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides?: - poorly absorbed in the GI tract
- rapidly absorbed after IM injection
- draw blood levels to ensure therapeutic range
*very strong, often given by IV as well
, NURS265 - Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
24. when do aminoglycosides reach their peak when given IM?: one hour
25. what are the toxicity symptoms of aminoglycosides?: - nephrotoxicity (low urine output,
elevated BUN/creatinine)
- ototoxicity (tinnitus = first sign)
*nephrotoxicity is more common
26. how quickly can the toxicity symptoms of aminoglycosides appear? what
should be done in response?: - effects can occur after two doses
- lower the dose
27. what drug are cephalosporins similar to in structure and activity?: penicillin
28. are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: both (depending on dose and specific
drug being used)
29. what is the primary caution with cephalosporins?: there is a cross-sensitivity to penicillin
*if patient has a known allergy to penicillin, there is a high chance of hypersensitive reaction with cephalosporin use
30. what are fluoroquinolones?: a synthetic class of broad-spectrum antibiotics
31. are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
32. what are the two biggest cautions with fluoroquinolones?: - patients with renal
dysfunction
- patients under 18 years of age (not given the drug)
33. what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?: - tendinitis
- tendon rupture
- prolonged QT interval
34. what are the drug-drug interactions of fluoroquinolones?: the therapeutic effect is
decreased when taken with:
- calcium
- magnesium
- antacids
35. are penicillins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
36. what type of infections do penicillins treat?: - streptococcal infections
- pneumococcal infections
- staphylococcal infections
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
1. what was the first discovered medication? when was it discovered?: penicillin,
1920s
2. true or false: anti-infective agents have total selective toxicity: false
*anti-infectives will have side effects and effect other parts of the body no matter what
3. true or false: not taking anti-infective doses at the same time daily or missing
doses can be harmful: true
4. what should children be monitored for when using drug therapy?: - toxicity
- liver and kidney function
5. what should older adults be monitored for when using drug therapy?: liver
function
6. what are the therapeutic actions of anti-infectives?: - interfere with cell wall synthesis
- prevent organism from replicating/regrowing by blocking essential substances
- interfere with protein synthesis
- interfere with DNA synthesis
- alter cell membrane permeability (rupture cell wall)
7. what are broad spectrum anti-infectives? are there any risks?: - effective against
numerous types of microorganisms
- can harm microbial flora
8. what are narrow spectrum antibiotics?: - effective against few microorganisms
- more specific to pathogen/enzymes
*use as often as possible
9. define bactericidal/fungicidal: anti-infectives that cause cell death
10. define bacteriostatic/fungistatic: anti-infectives that prevent or slow replication
*DO NOT KILL THE ORGANISM
11. what is the goal of anti-infective therapy?: reduce the population of the invading organism
12. what is the most important intervention for preventing infection?: HANDWASH-
ING
*us and patients
, NURS265 - Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
13. what is resistance? is it constantly occuring or rare?: the ability for microorganisms to
adapt/survive an anti-infective agent and produce cells that aren't affected by that drug
*it is constantly occurring
14. what are three methods of microbes acquiring drug resistance?: - produce
deactivating enzymes for the drug
- alter cellular permeability to prevent the drug from entering
- alter binding sites to prevent acceptance of the drug
15. what are some ways to prevent anti-infective resistance?: - limit antimicrobial use (do
not give to viral infections)
- ensure adequate (high enough) doses and long enough duration
- take the entire course of medication
- do not use anti-infective drugs indiscriminately
16. when creating a drug therapy plan, what is it important to use?: absolute numbers
regarding dose, frequency, and duration
17. what are synergistic drugs: two or more drugs used to enhance the effects of a particular medication
18. define culture and sensitivty: culture - identifying the pathogen
sensitivity - identifying what anti-infectives are effective against the pathogen
19. what is a prophylaxis medication? when is it commonly used?: - a dose of an
antibiotic given to PREVENT infection
- commonly used before surgery
20. what are some common adverse reactions to drug therapy?: - kidney damage
- neurotoxicity (nerves/nerve impulses)
- hypersensitivity reactions (allergies)
- superinfections
21. what microbes do antibiotics target?: bacteria
22. are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
23. what are the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides?: - poorly absorbed in the GI tract
- rapidly absorbed after IM injection
- draw blood levels to ensure therapeutic range
*very strong, often given by IV as well
, NURS265 - Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hi1lcn
24. when do aminoglycosides reach their peak when given IM?: one hour
25. what are the toxicity symptoms of aminoglycosides?: - nephrotoxicity (low urine output,
elevated BUN/creatinine)
- ototoxicity (tinnitus = first sign)
*nephrotoxicity is more common
26. how quickly can the toxicity symptoms of aminoglycosides appear? what
should be done in response?: - effects can occur after two doses
- lower the dose
27. what drug are cephalosporins similar to in structure and activity?: penicillin
28. are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: both (depending on dose and specific
drug being used)
29. what is the primary caution with cephalosporins?: there is a cross-sensitivity to penicillin
*if patient has a known allergy to penicillin, there is a high chance of hypersensitive reaction with cephalosporin use
30. what are fluoroquinolones?: a synthetic class of broad-spectrum antibiotics
31. are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
32. what are the two biggest cautions with fluoroquinolones?: - patients with renal
dysfunction
- patients under 18 years of age (not given the drug)
33. what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?: - tendinitis
- tendon rupture
- prolonged QT interval
34. what are the drug-drug interactions of fluoroquinolones?: the therapeutic effect is
decreased when taken with:
- calcium
- magnesium
- antacids
35. are penicillins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?: bactericidal
36. what type of infections do penicillins treat?: - streptococcal infections
- pneumococcal infections
- staphylococcal infections
