1|Page
NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2026-2027]
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam Practice
(Questions 1–100)
1. The cellular response to mild stress that increases cell size
is called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
2. Cell adaptation in response to decreased workload is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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3. Metaplasia refers to:
A. Cell death
B. Replacement of one cell type with another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Malignant transformation
Answer: B
4. Hypoxia leads to cellular injury primarily by:
A. Free radical accumulation
B. Decreasing ATP production
C. DNA mutation
D. Calcium influx
Answer: B
5. Ischemia is:
A. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood
B. Reduced blood flow to tissue
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Inflammation
Answer: B
6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause injury by:
A. Increasing ATP
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Decreasing calcium influx
D. Preventing apoptosis
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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7. Necrosis differs from apoptosis because necrosis:
A. Is programmed cell death
B. Causes inflammation and cell swelling
C. Is energy-dependent
D. Involves DNA fragmentation only
Answer: B
8. Coagulative necrosis is commonly seen in:
A. Brain
B. Kidney and heart after ischemia
C. Lungs
D. Liver only
Answer: B
9. Liquefactive necrosis is typical in:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Brain infarcts and abscesses
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Kidney injury
Answer: B
10. Inflammation is initiated by:
A. Vasoconstriction only
B. Tissue injury or infection
C. Hypotension
D. Dehydration
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 4|Page
11. The primary cells of acute inflammation are:
A. Lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Basophils
Answer: B
12. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
C. Immediate response
D. Vasoconstriction
Answer: B
13. The vascular changes in inflammation include:
A. Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
B. Increased permeability and edema
C. Decreased blood flow only
D. No change
Answer: B
14. Fever in inflammation is mediated by:
A. Histamine only
B. Prostaglandins (PGE2) and cytokines
C. Platelets
D. Neutrophils
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2026-2027]
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam
NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam Practice
(Questions 1–100)
1. The cellular response to mild stress that increases cell size
is called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
2. Cell adaptation in response to decreased workload is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,2|Page
3. Metaplasia refers to:
A. Cell death
B. Replacement of one cell type with another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Malignant transformation
Answer: B
4. Hypoxia leads to cellular injury primarily by:
A. Free radical accumulation
B. Decreasing ATP production
C. DNA mutation
D. Calcium influx
Answer: B
5. Ischemia is:
A. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood
B. Reduced blood flow to tissue
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Inflammation
Answer: B
6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause injury by:
A. Increasing ATP
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Decreasing calcium influx
D. Preventing apoptosis
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,3|Page
7. Necrosis differs from apoptosis because necrosis:
A. Is programmed cell death
B. Causes inflammation and cell swelling
C. Is energy-dependent
D. Involves DNA fragmentation only
Answer: B
8. Coagulative necrosis is commonly seen in:
A. Brain
B. Kidney and heart after ischemia
C. Lungs
D. Liver only
Answer: B
9. Liquefactive necrosis is typical in:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Brain infarcts and abscesses
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Kidney injury
Answer: B
10. Inflammation is initiated by:
A. Vasoconstriction only
B. Tissue injury or infection
C. Hypotension
D. Dehydration
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 4|Page
11. The primary cells of acute inflammation are:
A. Lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Basophils
Answer: B
12. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
C. Immediate response
D. Vasoconstriction
Answer: B
13. The vascular changes in inflammation include:
A. Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
B. Increased permeability and edema
C. Decreased blood flow only
D. No change
Answer: B
14. Fever in inflammation is mediated by:
A. Histamine only
B. Prostaglandins (PGE2) and cytokines
C. Platelets
D. Neutrophils
Answer: B
2026 2027 GRADED A+
