Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hwgzd1
1. ALT/AST elevation: Hepatocellular injury
2. Elevated ALP and GGT: Cholestatic pattern
3. Hypoalbuminemia in liver disease: Chronic liver dysfunction or cirrhosis
4. Prolonged PT/INR in liver disease: Hepatic synthetic dysfunction
5. Isolated ALP elevation: Cholestasis, bone disease, pregnancy
6. AST:ALT ratio >2: Alcoholic liver disease
7. Test differentiating liver vs bone ALP: GGT (elevated in liver disease)
8. Best test for assessing liver fibrosis: Transient elastography (FibroScan)
9. Most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide: Hepatitis B and C viruses
10. Hepatitis A transmission route: Fecal-oral
11. Serologic marker indicating active HBV infection: HBsAg
12. Confirms immunity to HBV: Anti-HBs
13. Treatment of chronic HCV infection: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
14. HCV transmission route: Bloodborne (IV drug use, transfusions pre-1992)
15. Hepatitis virus with no chronic form: Hepatitis A and E
16. Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc): Past or ongoing infection
17. Best indicator of active HCV replication: HCV RNA
18. Most common causes of cirrhosis: Alcohol, Hepatitis B/C, NAFLD
19. Major complications of cirrhosis: Ascites, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, HCC
20. Best test to assess fibrosis progression: Liver biopsy or elastography
21. Scoring system assessing cirrhosis severity: Child-Pugh or MELD score
22. Portal hypertension presentation: Splenomegaly, varices, ascites
23. Hepatic encephalopathy: Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to ammonia accumulation
24. Most common cause of death in cirrhosis: Variceal bleeding or infection
25. Definitive treatment for end-stage cirrhosis: Liver transplant
26. Classic signs of acute cholecystitis: RUQ pain, fever, Murphy's sign
27. Charcot's triad: RUQ pain, fever, jaundice (suggests cholangitis)
28. Best imaging for gallstones: Ultrasound
29. Common cause of obstructive jaundice: Choledocholithiasis or pancreatic head mass
30. Reynold's pentad: Charcot's triad + hypotension + altered mental status
31. Treatment of acute cholecystitis: IV fluids, antibiotics, cholecystectomy
32. Risk factors for gallstones: Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile, Fair
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hwgzd1
1. ALT/AST elevation: Hepatocellular injury
2. Elevated ALP and GGT: Cholestatic pattern
3. Hypoalbuminemia in liver disease: Chronic liver dysfunction or cirrhosis
4. Prolonged PT/INR in liver disease: Hepatic synthetic dysfunction
5. Isolated ALP elevation: Cholestasis, bone disease, pregnancy
6. AST:ALT ratio >2: Alcoholic liver disease
7. Test differentiating liver vs bone ALP: GGT (elevated in liver disease)
8. Best test for assessing liver fibrosis: Transient elastography (FibroScan)
9. Most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide: Hepatitis B and C viruses
10. Hepatitis A transmission route: Fecal-oral
11. Serologic marker indicating active HBV infection: HBsAg
12. Confirms immunity to HBV: Anti-HBs
13. Treatment of chronic HCV infection: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
14. HCV transmission route: Bloodborne (IV drug use, transfusions pre-1992)
15. Hepatitis virus with no chronic form: Hepatitis A and E
16. Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc): Past or ongoing infection
17. Best indicator of active HCV replication: HCV RNA
18. Most common causes of cirrhosis: Alcohol, Hepatitis B/C, NAFLD
19. Major complications of cirrhosis: Ascites, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, HCC
20. Best test to assess fibrosis progression: Liver biopsy or elastography
21. Scoring system assessing cirrhosis severity: Child-Pugh or MELD score
22. Portal hypertension presentation: Splenomegaly, varices, ascites
23. Hepatic encephalopathy: Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to ammonia accumulation
24. Most common cause of death in cirrhosis: Variceal bleeding or infection
25. Definitive treatment for end-stage cirrhosis: Liver transplant
26. Classic signs of acute cholecystitis: RUQ pain, fever, Murphy's sign
27. Charcot's triad: RUQ pain, fever, jaundice (suggests cholangitis)
28. Best imaging for gallstones: Ultrasound
29. Common cause of obstructive jaundice: Choledocholithiasis or pancreatic head mass
30. Reynold's pentad: Charcot's triad + hypotension + altered mental status
31. Treatment of acute cholecystitis: IV fluids, antibiotics, cholecystectomy
32. Risk factors for gallstones: Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile, Fair
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