BIOL 203, Microbiology LCC (Final) 2025-2026
Most Recent Version Comprehensive 820
Questions and Verified Answers Accurate
Solutions Already Graded A+ Get it 100% Correct
____ breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two parental strands of DNA._____
keeps the parental strands from rebonding back together._____ attaches to the parental
template and lays a short sequence of complementary RNA nucleotides. This leave a
free 3' hydroxyl (OH) group that____ needs in order to lay the bulk of the
complementary DNA nucleotides. Once complete, the primer RNA nucleotides must be
removed by_____ and replaced with DNA nucleotides. Finally ligase comes in to seal
the nick left in the_____ of the newly synthesized leading strand of DNA. In a
prokaryotic cell, all the steps of replication occur in the_____ while in a eukaryotic cell
they occur in the______ - CORRECT ANSWER: -Helicase
-Single strand binding proteins
-primase, rna primase
-dna polymerase III
-dna polymerase I
-sugar phosphate backbone
-cytoplasm
-nucleus
____ cycle. Temperate viruses infect, insert their genetic information into the
chromosome of the host cell, and do not destroy the host cell in the process. This is
called the_____ cycle. No matter if it is virulent or temperate, the first step in viral
replication is _____ where the virus attaches to its host cell via special proteins called
spikes or via the capsomeres that make up the capsid. The next step is_____ where the
virus goes from being attached outside the cell to getting inside of the cell. Next, if the
virus is virulent then it will use the host enzymes, energy, and biological molecules to
make new virus proteins and nucleic acids in the step called_____. The new viral
proteins and nucleic acids are combined in the step called _____ to make complete
virions. Finally, the new viruses must leave the cell in the final step called _____.
,Enveloped viruses leave the cell via ______ while naked viruses must - CORRECT
ANSWER: -lytic
-lysogenic
-adsorption
-penetration
-synthesis
-maturation
-release
-budding
_____ ._____ complexes with proteins to make up the two ribosomal subunits._____
carries the copy of the genetic message from the DNA to the ribosome. It also
has_____ which are groups of three nucleotides that code for each amino acid that will
make the new protein chain._____ has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid
binding site on the other. It carries the amino acids to the______, the site of protein
synthesis, for incorporation into the new polypeptide chain. - CORRECT ANSWER: -
transcription
-rRNA
-mRNA
-Codons
-tRNA
-ribosome
_____ are always multicellular, eukaryotic cells but have microscopic stages in their life
cycle. They are often described as parasites. - CORRECT ANSWER: Helminthes
_____ are eukaryotic, can be multicellular or unicellular and can cause diseases such
Thrush, Athlete's foot, and Ringworm. - CORRECT ANSWER: Fungi
,_____ are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes and are known to cause diseases such
as the common cold, Ebola, and HIV. - CORRECT ANSWER: Viruses
_____ gene transfer. Besides transfer from parent to progeny, bacteria can also transfer
genes to other unrelated bacteria. This is referred to as_____ gene transfer. The only
method of gene transfer where the donor and recipient bacterial cells come in contact
with each other is_____. A pilus connects the two cells and large amounts of genetic
information can be transferred. Genes can also be transferred between bacterial cells
using a virus. This is called_____ and can be generalized or specialized. The last type
of gene transfer happens when DNA released from one bacterial cell into the
environment is taken up by another bacterial cell. This is called_____ and was
discovered by Griffith. - CORRECT ANSWER: -vertical
-horizontal
-conjugation
-transduction
-transformation
______ are photosynthetic eukaryotic cells, can be multicellular or unicellular, and very
rarely cause disease in humans. - CORRECT ANSWER: Algae
______ are unicellular prokaryotes, known to cause a variety of human diseases. If
serious, they can be treated with antibiotics. - CORRECT ANSWER: Bacteria
________ are always unicellular, prokaryotic cells. At present, none of them have been
shown to be pathogenic in humans. Many members are capable of living in seemingly
inhospitable environments like salt lakes. - CORRECT ANSWER: Archaea
_________ are unicellular eukaryotes, known to cause human diseases such as
Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness often transmitted by a vector such as
mosquitoes. - CORRECT ANSWER: Protozoa
, ___________ bonds which hold the two parental strands of DNA together are broken by
___________ during replication of DNA. - CORRECT ANSWER: Hydrogen, Helicase
A _______ mother will have no trouble carrying a _________ fetus the first time, but her
body may then produce antibodies and attack a second _________ fetus. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Rh-, Rh+, Rh+
A ______________ reaction builds larger, more complex molecules from small simple
molecules while a ________________ reaction breaks larger, complex molecules into
smaller molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER: anabolic, catabolic
A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is - CORRECT ANSWER: clavulanic
acid
A class of cells that do not have inclusions and have regular nuclei - CORRECT
ANSWER: Agranulocytes
a class of cells that have inclusions of densely packed chemicals and irregularly shaped
nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER: Granulocytes
A compound is oxidized when it loses an electron. - CORRECT ANSWER: True
A linear sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides the genetic information for a
single characteristic (protein) is a - CORRECT ANSWER: Gene
A mode/mechanism of action of some antibiotics is the disruption of the normal host
microbiota. - CORRECT ANSWER: false
A molecule is captured by a protein carrier and modified as it passes through the
membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER: Group Translocation
Most Recent Version Comprehensive 820
Questions and Verified Answers Accurate
Solutions Already Graded A+ Get it 100% Correct
____ breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two parental strands of DNA._____
keeps the parental strands from rebonding back together._____ attaches to the parental
template and lays a short sequence of complementary RNA nucleotides. This leave a
free 3' hydroxyl (OH) group that____ needs in order to lay the bulk of the
complementary DNA nucleotides. Once complete, the primer RNA nucleotides must be
removed by_____ and replaced with DNA nucleotides. Finally ligase comes in to seal
the nick left in the_____ of the newly synthesized leading strand of DNA. In a
prokaryotic cell, all the steps of replication occur in the_____ while in a eukaryotic cell
they occur in the______ - CORRECT ANSWER: -Helicase
-Single strand binding proteins
-primase, rna primase
-dna polymerase III
-dna polymerase I
-sugar phosphate backbone
-cytoplasm
-nucleus
____ cycle. Temperate viruses infect, insert their genetic information into the
chromosome of the host cell, and do not destroy the host cell in the process. This is
called the_____ cycle. No matter if it is virulent or temperate, the first step in viral
replication is _____ where the virus attaches to its host cell via special proteins called
spikes or via the capsomeres that make up the capsid. The next step is_____ where the
virus goes from being attached outside the cell to getting inside of the cell. Next, if the
virus is virulent then it will use the host enzymes, energy, and biological molecules to
make new virus proteins and nucleic acids in the step called_____. The new viral
proteins and nucleic acids are combined in the step called _____ to make complete
virions. Finally, the new viruses must leave the cell in the final step called _____.
,Enveloped viruses leave the cell via ______ while naked viruses must - CORRECT
ANSWER: -lytic
-lysogenic
-adsorption
-penetration
-synthesis
-maturation
-release
-budding
_____ ._____ complexes with proteins to make up the two ribosomal subunits._____
carries the copy of the genetic message from the DNA to the ribosome. It also
has_____ which are groups of three nucleotides that code for each amino acid that will
make the new protein chain._____ has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid
binding site on the other. It carries the amino acids to the______, the site of protein
synthesis, for incorporation into the new polypeptide chain. - CORRECT ANSWER: -
transcription
-rRNA
-mRNA
-Codons
-tRNA
-ribosome
_____ are always multicellular, eukaryotic cells but have microscopic stages in their life
cycle. They are often described as parasites. - CORRECT ANSWER: Helminthes
_____ are eukaryotic, can be multicellular or unicellular and can cause diseases such
Thrush, Athlete's foot, and Ringworm. - CORRECT ANSWER: Fungi
,_____ are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes and are known to cause diseases such
as the common cold, Ebola, and HIV. - CORRECT ANSWER: Viruses
_____ gene transfer. Besides transfer from parent to progeny, bacteria can also transfer
genes to other unrelated bacteria. This is referred to as_____ gene transfer. The only
method of gene transfer where the donor and recipient bacterial cells come in contact
with each other is_____. A pilus connects the two cells and large amounts of genetic
information can be transferred. Genes can also be transferred between bacterial cells
using a virus. This is called_____ and can be generalized or specialized. The last type
of gene transfer happens when DNA released from one bacterial cell into the
environment is taken up by another bacterial cell. This is called_____ and was
discovered by Griffith. - CORRECT ANSWER: -vertical
-horizontal
-conjugation
-transduction
-transformation
______ are photosynthetic eukaryotic cells, can be multicellular or unicellular, and very
rarely cause disease in humans. - CORRECT ANSWER: Algae
______ are unicellular prokaryotes, known to cause a variety of human diseases. If
serious, they can be treated with antibiotics. - CORRECT ANSWER: Bacteria
________ are always unicellular, prokaryotic cells. At present, none of them have been
shown to be pathogenic in humans. Many members are capable of living in seemingly
inhospitable environments like salt lakes. - CORRECT ANSWER: Archaea
_________ are unicellular eukaryotes, known to cause human diseases such as
Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness often transmitted by a vector such as
mosquitoes. - CORRECT ANSWER: Protozoa
, ___________ bonds which hold the two parental strands of DNA together are broken by
___________ during replication of DNA. - CORRECT ANSWER: Hydrogen, Helicase
A _______ mother will have no trouble carrying a _________ fetus the first time, but her
body may then produce antibodies and attack a second _________ fetus. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Rh-, Rh+, Rh+
A ______________ reaction builds larger, more complex molecules from small simple
molecules while a ________________ reaction breaks larger, complex molecules into
smaller molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER: anabolic, catabolic
A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is - CORRECT ANSWER: clavulanic
acid
A class of cells that do not have inclusions and have regular nuclei - CORRECT
ANSWER: Agranulocytes
a class of cells that have inclusions of densely packed chemicals and irregularly shaped
nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER: Granulocytes
A compound is oxidized when it loses an electron. - CORRECT ANSWER: True
A linear sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides the genetic information for a
single characteristic (protein) is a - CORRECT ANSWER: Gene
A mode/mechanism of action of some antibiotics is the disruption of the normal host
microbiota. - CORRECT ANSWER: false
A molecule is captured by a protein carrier and modified as it passes through the
membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER: Group Translocation
