COMPUTER SCIENCE — FULL STUDY NOTES
Computer Science revolves around computation, algorithms, data structures, hardware systems,
programming, operating systems, networks, artificial intelligence, and software engineering. It
teaches students how computers work and how to design efficient, reliable software and
systems.
1. Introduction to Computer Science
Definition
Computer Science is the systematic study of computation, algorithms, data, and the principles
that guide the design of hardware and software systems.
Core Areas
1. Programming
2. Algorithms & Data Structures
3. Computer Architecture
4. Operating Systems
5. Networks & Security
6. Databases
7. Software Engineering
8. Artificial Intelligence
9. Machine Learning
10. Human-Computer Interaction
2. Programming Foundations
Programming is the process of writing instructions a computer can execute.
Key Concepts
• Variables – Store data values
, • Data Types – Integers, floats, strings, booleans
• Control Structures – if, else, loops
• Functions – Reusable blocks of code
• Arrays/Lists – Collections of elements
• Objects & Classes – For object-oriented programming
Programming Paradigms
1. Procedural Programming
Step-by-step instructions (C, Python).
2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Uses classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism (Java, C++, Python).
3. Functional Programming
Treats computation as evaluation of functions (Haskell, Scala).
4. Scripting
Automation (JavaScript, Bash).
Common Exam Questions
• Write a program to compute factorial or Fibonacci
• Determine the output of a code snippet
• Identify errors and correct them
3. Algorithms
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
Characteristics of a Good Algorithm
• Correct
• Efficient
• Terminating
Computer Science revolves around computation, algorithms, data structures, hardware systems,
programming, operating systems, networks, artificial intelligence, and software engineering. It
teaches students how computers work and how to design efficient, reliable software and
systems.
1. Introduction to Computer Science
Definition
Computer Science is the systematic study of computation, algorithms, data, and the principles
that guide the design of hardware and software systems.
Core Areas
1. Programming
2. Algorithms & Data Structures
3. Computer Architecture
4. Operating Systems
5. Networks & Security
6. Databases
7. Software Engineering
8. Artificial Intelligence
9. Machine Learning
10. Human-Computer Interaction
2. Programming Foundations
Programming is the process of writing instructions a computer can execute.
Key Concepts
• Variables – Store data values
, • Data Types – Integers, floats, strings, booleans
• Control Structures – if, else, loops
• Functions – Reusable blocks of code
• Arrays/Lists – Collections of elements
• Objects & Classes – For object-oriented programming
Programming Paradigms
1. Procedural Programming
Step-by-step instructions (C, Python).
2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Uses classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism (Java, C++, Python).
3. Functional Programming
Treats computation as evaluation of functions (Haskell, Scala).
4. Scripting
Automation (JavaScript, Bash).
Common Exam Questions
• Write a program to compute factorial or Fibonacci
• Determine the output of a code snippet
• Identify errors and correct them
3. Algorithms
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
Characteristics of a Good Algorithm
• Correct
• Efficient
• Terminating
