MNO3704 UNISA Study Guide – Environmental Management + Sustainability + ISO 14000 + Triple Bottom Line (2026 Ready)

,© 2017 University of South Africa

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University of South Africa
Muckleneuk, Pretoria

MNO3704/1/2018–2020

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IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Please activate your myUnisa and myLife e-mail addresses and ensure that you have regular ac-
cess to the myUnisa module site.




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,CONTENTS

Page
PREFACE vii
Study unit 1: Introduction to environmental management 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2
1.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT 3
1.4 CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAMS 4
1.5 THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5
1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 5
1.7 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 6
1.8 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 6
Study unit 2: Natural, cultural and socioeconomic environments 7
2.1 INTRODUCTION 7
2.2 COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 8
2.3 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS 8
2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 9
2.5 THE END RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY 9
2.6 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 9
2.7 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 10
Study unit 3: Sustainability and the triple bottom line 11
3.1 INTRODUCTION 11
3.2 THE KING REPORTS 12
3.3 TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE (TBL) VERSUS TRIPLE CONTEXT 12
3.4 THE PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABILITY 13
3.5 ETHICS AND COMPANIES IN SOUTH AFRICA 13
3.6 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 14
3.7 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 14
Study unit 4: The natural environment 15
4.1 INTRODUCTION 15
4.2 THE NATURE OF THE GENERAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 16
4.3 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFETY HAZARDS 16
4.4 THE APPEARANCE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 17
4.5 THE ORIGIN OF SAFETY RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK 17

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, 4.6 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 18
4.7 THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 18
4.8 NATURAL DRIVING FORCES THAT INFLUENCE CHANGE IN CORPORATE
BEHAVIOUR 19
4.9 BUSINESS ENDEAVOURS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT 19
4.10 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 19
4.11 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 20
Study unit 5: The history and importance of ISO 14000 21
5.1 INTRODUCTION 21
5.2 STANDARDS AND STANDARDISATION 22
5.3 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION 22
5.4 ORIGIN OF ISO 14000 22
5.5 OBJECTIVE OF ISO 14000 23
5.6 SCOPE OF ISO 14000 23
5.7 APPLICABILITY OF ISO 14000 23
5.8 RATIONALE FOR ISO 14000 24
5.9 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 24
5.10 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 24
Study unit 6: Making sense of ISO 14000 25
6.1 INTRODUCTION 25
6.2 COMPONENT PARTS OF ISO 14000 26
6.3 RELATIONSHIP OF ISO 14000 AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 26
6.4 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 26
6.5 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 26
Study unit 7: The Environmental management system 27
7.1 INTRODUCTION 27
7.2 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF THE EMS 28
7.3 THE CONTEXT OF THE DEMING WHEEL 28
7.4 SCOPE OF THE EMS 29
7.5 EMS REQUIREMENTS 29
7.6 SUMMARY OF LEARNING UNIT 29
7.7 LEARNING UNIT ASSESSMENT 29
Study unit 8: Pollution and waste management 30
8.1 INTRODUCTION 30
8.2 AN OVERVIEW OF POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 31
8.3 DEFINITION OF POLLUTION 32
8.4 TYPES OF POLLUTION 32
8.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: AIR QUALITY ACT NO. 39 OF 2004 33

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