Canadian History
WW1
The Spark (1914)
fuse? MAIN
Direct cause
Assassination of Sarajevo Bosnia
● centuries long conflict between A-H n Serbia
● High serbian nationalism, against A-H imperialism
● "Black Hand" (serbian nationalist group) plotted to kill Archduke of A-H Fran's
Ferdinand while in Bosnia. (heir to A-H throne)
● Black Hand feared A-H would take over Serbia after taking Bosnia
● Both Serbia n Bosnia, Russian allies
● June 28th, 1914 During parade in Sarajevo
Bosnia
● Black Hand member Gavrilo Princip assassinated Duke + wife
Gavrilo Princip
● 19
● tried to off himself w gun
● tried to off himself w cyanide
● too young for death sentenced
● got 20 yrs in prison
● got tuberculosis
● arm got cut off
● died in prison on april 28th, 1918 due to abuse, disease, malnutrition, weighing 88 lbs
Fuse Lit
● A-H blamed Seribia for assassination n gave ultimatum
● serbia accepted 2/3 conditions (no supervision bo of russian alliance
● July 28th, 1914 A-H declared war on Serbia
● Russia mobilized to defend Serbia
● Germany gave full support to A-H (Blank Cheque)
● August 1st, 1914 Germany declares war on
● Russia
● August 3rd, 1914 Germany declares war on
France
, ● assassination field "July Crisis" (dates above)
● Major european powers, open conflict
● 1st 2 deaths, Archduke + wife
Major Fronts
1. Western Front
2. Eastern Front
яSchlieffen Plan
●
● Devised 1905 by General von Schlieffen
● Purpose to not make Germany fight 2 fronts (France + Russia)
● Achieved by taking France in 6 weeks then taking Russia
● Plan relied on Russia taking 12 weeks to mobilize
Steps:
1. Invade France through Belgium (France was prepared at border of Germany n France
also invading Belgium violates Belgium's neutrality treaty, 1839)
2. August 4th, 1914, British sent ultimatum for Germany to withdraw troops=Britain
declares war=sent forces to fight in France
Failure
● Plan modified by Helmuth con Moltke (new chief of General staf)
● reduced size of offensive n was blamed for plan failure
● German army was in Belgium for 8 weeks (not 6
● weeks like og)
● Plan used trains to transport German soldiers to Belgium so Belgium broke the trains
● Russia mobilized quickly
After Britain joined the war
● 1914, Canada sends troops
● October 31st, 1914, Ottoman Empire declares war on Central Powers
● May 23rd, 1915, Italy declares war on A-H (control over border territory + treaty w
Britain)
● October 14th, 1915, Bulgaria declares war on Serbia
● April 6th, 1917, US declares war on Germany (submarine attacks on American
passenger + merchant ship)
● December 15th, 1917, Russia signs armistice w
Germany
● December 1st, 1918, British + American forces enter Germany
,Untold Stories of WW1 эд
Makeup of 1914 Canada
● Beginning of ww1, majority ethnicity French/ British
● Other ethnicities, different rights, rights removed during war, government was
"protecting" the country
Why is it called a "World War"? Colonialism/ Imperialism
● India, Algeria, Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos), Morocco, Tunisia, South Africa,
China, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, Congo, Madagascar, Brazil, Trinidad
& Tobago,
● Kuwait, Singapore, etc.
● Preference for white soldiers, pocs given worse jobs (loading ammunition, laying
telephone wires, digging trenches, n factory work)
Jamaica's involvement in ww1
● November 8th, 1915, 1st contingent to join ww 1
● sent 500 men to Britain
● British West Indies Regiment (made of Caribbean countries, ex. Jamaica)
● Jamaican women organized fundraisers, war relief fund, sewed wool garments
● BWIR victims of racial discrimination
● 1k/10k Jamaicas sent never returned
Halifax Incident
● March 1916, SS Verdala left Kingston w 1,140
Jamaican ww1 volunteers.
● En route to Britain ship stopped in Halifax to avoid German ships
● Unprepared (5 died of extreme conditions, 600 frostbite, 100 had limbs removed, 50
died of effects)
● 4 million men from colonized countries fought during ww1
Indian Contributions
● Contributed 1.5m men, 75,000 died
● Britain promised self governance in exchange for participation
● Promise never happened
Muslim Contributions
● 400,000 of Indian troops were Muslim
, ● Muslim soldiers involvement censored to avoid them defecting to German alluded
Muslim
Ottomans
● 1/5 British ppl aware of Muslim contributions to
WW1
Buckham Singh & Sikh Canadian Contributions
● 10 men found in ww1 military records fighting for Canada
● denied right of citizenship
Indigenous Contributions
● 1/3 Canada's First Nations population enlisted
● Only those w status were recorded
● fought in all major battles (4)
● Indigenous war vets did not receive same benefits
● Conscription mandated British citizens must enlist, Indigenous ppl needed to fight even
though not having citizenship
● refused at enlistment offices at beginning of war be enemy would mistreat be they're
"savages"
● Enlistment #s dropped, pocs including Indigenous men were allowed to enlist
● End of war, 35% of indigenous men of age were enlisted
● World champ long distance, Tom Longboat (from 6 nations reserve wounded twice
while enlisted carrying messages
Asian Canadians
● China + Japan fought w allies
● Chinese/Japanese Canadians could not vote or join army
● 196 Japanese Canadian enlisted mostly from
Alberta
● 35 Japanese Canadian killed at Vimy Ridge
Black Canadians
● turned away at enlistment offices
● No. 2 Construction Battalion, after 2 yrs of protesting
● dug trenches + built roads
● end of war no. 2 sent to front lines
● light skins sent w white troops
● 1k black Canadians served in Europe during ww1
Canada from the Triple Alliance
● 1914, 1m Germans + A-Hs lived in Canada
WW1
The Spark (1914)
fuse? MAIN
Direct cause
Assassination of Sarajevo Bosnia
● centuries long conflict between A-H n Serbia
● High serbian nationalism, against A-H imperialism
● "Black Hand" (serbian nationalist group) plotted to kill Archduke of A-H Fran's
Ferdinand while in Bosnia. (heir to A-H throne)
● Black Hand feared A-H would take over Serbia after taking Bosnia
● Both Serbia n Bosnia, Russian allies
● June 28th, 1914 During parade in Sarajevo
Bosnia
● Black Hand member Gavrilo Princip assassinated Duke + wife
Gavrilo Princip
● 19
● tried to off himself w gun
● tried to off himself w cyanide
● too young for death sentenced
● got 20 yrs in prison
● got tuberculosis
● arm got cut off
● died in prison on april 28th, 1918 due to abuse, disease, malnutrition, weighing 88 lbs
Fuse Lit
● A-H blamed Seribia for assassination n gave ultimatum
● serbia accepted 2/3 conditions (no supervision bo of russian alliance
● July 28th, 1914 A-H declared war on Serbia
● Russia mobilized to defend Serbia
● Germany gave full support to A-H (Blank Cheque)
● August 1st, 1914 Germany declares war on
● Russia
● August 3rd, 1914 Germany declares war on
France
, ● assassination field "July Crisis" (dates above)
● Major european powers, open conflict
● 1st 2 deaths, Archduke + wife
Major Fronts
1. Western Front
2. Eastern Front
яSchlieffen Plan
●
● Devised 1905 by General von Schlieffen
● Purpose to not make Germany fight 2 fronts (France + Russia)
● Achieved by taking France in 6 weeks then taking Russia
● Plan relied on Russia taking 12 weeks to mobilize
Steps:
1. Invade France through Belgium (France was prepared at border of Germany n France
also invading Belgium violates Belgium's neutrality treaty, 1839)
2. August 4th, 1914, British sent ultimatum for Germany to withdraw troops=Britain
declares war=sent forces to fight in France
Failure
● Plan modified by Helmuth con Moltke (new chief of General staf)
● reduced size of offensive n was blamed for plan failure
● German army was in Belgium for 8 weeks (not 6
● weeks like og)
● Plan used trains to transport German soldiers to Belgium so Belgium broke the trains
● Russia mobilized quickly
After Britain joined the war
● 1914, Canada sends troops
● October 31st, 1914, Ottoman Empire declares war on Central Powers
● May 23rd, 1915, Italy declares war on A-H (control over border territory + treaty w
Britain)
● October 14th, 1915, Bulgaria declares war on Serbia
● April 6th, 1917, US declares war on Germany (submarine attacks on American
passenger + merchant ship)
● December 15th, 1917, Russia signs armistice w
Germany
● December 1st, 1918, British + American forces enter Germany
,Untold Stories of WW1 эд
Makeup of 1914 Canada
● Beginning of ww1, majority ethnicity French/ British
● Other ethnicities, different rights, rights removed during war, government was
"protecting" the country
Why is it called a "World War"? Colonialism/ Imperialism
● India, Algeria, Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos), Morocco, Tunisia, South Africa,
China, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, Congo, Madagascar, Brazil, Trinidad
& Tobago,
● Kuwait, Singapore, etc.
● Preference for white soldiers, pocs given worse jobs (loading ammunition, laying
telephone wires, digging trenches, n factory work)
Jamaica's involvement in ww1
● November 8th, 1915, 1st contingent to join ww 1
● sent 500 men to Britain
● British West Indies Regiment (made of Caribbean countries, ex. Jamaica)
● Jamaican women organized fundraisers, war relief fund, sewed wool garments
● BWIR victims of racial discrimination
● 1k/10k Jamaicas sent never returned
Halifax Incident
● March 1916, SS Verdala left Kingston w 1,140
Jamaican ww1 volunteers.
● En route to Britain ship stopped in Halifax to avoid German ships
● Unprepared (5 died of extreme conditions, 600 frostbite, 100 had limbs removed, 50
died of effects)
● 4 million men from colonized countries fought during ww1
Indian Contributions
● Contributed 1.5m men, 75,000 died
● Britain promised self governance in exchange for participation
● Promise never happened
Muslim Contributions
● 400,000 of Indian troops were Muslim
, ● Muslim soldiers involvement censored to avoid them defecting to German alluded
Muslim
Ottomans
● 1/5 British ppl aware of Muslim contributions to
WW1
Buckham Singh & Sikh Canadian Contributions
● 10 men found in ww1 military records fighting for Canada
● denied right of citizenship
Indigenous Contributions
● 1/3 Canada's First Nations population enlisted
● Only those w status were recorded
● fought in all major battles (4)
● Indigenous war vets did not receive same benefits
● Conscription mandated British citizens must enlist, Indigenous ppl needed to fight even
though not having citizenship
● refused at enlistment offices at beginning of war be enemy would mistreat be they're
"savages"
● Enlistment #s dropped, pocs including Indigenous men were allowed to enlist
● End of war, 35% of indigenous men of age were enlisted
● World champ long distance, Tom Longboat (from 6 nations reserve wounded twice
while enlisted carrying messages
Asian Canadians
● China + Japan fought w allies
● Chinese/Japanese Canadians could not vote or join army
● 196 Japanese Canadian enlisted mostly from
Alberta
● 35 Japanese Canadian killed at Vimy Ridge
Black Canadians
● turned away at enlistment offices
● No. 2 Construction Battalion, after 2 yrs of protesting
● dug trenches + built roads
● end of war no. 2 sent to front lines
● light skins sent w white troops
● 1k black Canadians served in Europe during ww1
Canada from the Triple Alliance
● 1914, 1m Germans + A-Hs lived in Canada
