1) What is a Computer Program?
A computer program is a set of instructions written for the computer to perform a task. It breaks large
problems into small steps which the computer executes to produce the required output.
2) What is Programming?
Programming is the process of designing logic and writing instructions so the computer can solve a
problem. It includes planning, coding, testing, and debugging.
Phases of Programming:
• Algorithm Design: Planning steps and logic. • Coding: Converting the algorithm into C language
instructions.
3) Levels of Programming Languages
Programming languages are grouped into low-level and high-level languages.
Low-Level Languages:
• Machine Language: Uses 0s and 1s, hardware-dependent. • Assembly Language: Uses symbolic
instructions like MOV, ADD, still hardware specific.
High-Level Languages:
• Easy to read and write. • Portable between systems. • Examples: C, C++, Java, Python.
4) Why C is a Middle-Level Language?
C includes high-level features like loops and functions but also allows low-level memory access through
pointers, making it a middle-level language.
5) Why C is Popular?
• Fast and efficient. • Portable across platforms. • Simple and powerful. • Used in OS development,
embedded systems, and device drivers.
6) Translation of Programs
Computers only understand machine language. Translators convert code into machine format.
A computer program is a set of instructions written for the computer to perform a task. It breaks large
problems into small steps which the computer executes to produce the required output.
2) What is Programming?
Programming is the process of designing logic and writing instructions so the computer can solve a
problem. It includes planning, coding, testing, and debugging.
Phases of Programming:
• Algorithm Design: Planning steps and logic. • Coding: Converting the algorithm into C language
instructions.
3) Levels of Programming Languages
Programming languages are grouped into low-level and high-level languages.
Low-Level Languages:
• Machine Language: Uses 0s and 1s, hardware-dependent. • Assembly Language: Uses symbolic
instructions like MOV, ADD, still hardware specific.
High-Level Languages:
• Easy to read and write. • Portable between systems. • Examples: C, C++, Java, Python.
4) Why C is a Middle-Level Language?
C includes high-level features like loops and functions but also allows low-level memory access through
pointers, making it a middle-level language.
5) Why C is Popular?
• Fast and efficient. • Portable across platforms. • Simple and powerful. • Used in OS development,
embedded systems, and device drivers.
6) Translation of Programs
Computers only understand machine language. Translators convert code into machine format.
