FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINALS ADVANCED NURSING
COURSE 2025/2026 | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | DISEASE MECHANISMS &
CLINICAL APPLICATION STUDY GUIDE | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
wilms tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - -Which one of the childhood cancers is
associated with the tumor suppressor genes?
a. wilms tumor
b. acute leukemia
c. cerebellar hemagioblastoma
d. testicular tumor
blood-forming cells - CORRECT ANSWER - -Leukemia refers to abnormal
cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial cells
c. glandular tissue
d. blood-forming cells
Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:
A) each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of
each gene, one from each parent
B) the first hit stops tissue growth and the second hit is needed to cause
abnormal tissue growth
C) tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits
to effect carcinogenesis
,D) the first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation -
CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- each allele must be altered and each person
has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent
osteogenic sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER - -Which of the following cancers
originate from connective tissue?
a. adenocarcinoma
b. multiple myeloma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. osteogenic sarcoma
What is the skin-related health risk induced by some types of chemotherapy?
A) infection
B) ultraviolet damage
C) pain
D) erythema - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- infection
Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER - -Oncogenes are genes
that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary
replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue
toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation
Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations,
sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
,A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: D- medulla oblongata
The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life
threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans:
B- breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely - CORRECT
ANSWER - -How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division
human papillomavirus - CORRECT ANSWER - -The major virus involved in
cervical cancer is
a. human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus
, What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord
injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as
piloerection ans sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
anti-oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER - -umor suppressor genes encode
proteins that in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation. They are
also called
a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a
result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-
immune factors - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- a CNS demyelination,
possibly from an immunogenetic virus
deep venous thrombosis - CORRECT ANSWER - -What is the usual source of
this condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINALS ADVANCED NURSING
COURSE 2025/2026 | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | DISEASE MECHANISMS &
CLINICAL APPLICATION STUDY GUIDE | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
wilms tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - -Which one of the childhood cancers is
associated with the tumor suppressor genes?
a. wilms tumor
b. acute leukemia
c. cerebellar hemagioblastoma
d. testicular tumor
blood-forming cells - CORRECT ANSWER - -Leukemia refers to abnormal
cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial cells
c. glandular tissue
d. blood-forming cells
Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:
A) each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of
each gene, one from each parent
B) the first hit stops tissue growth and the second hit is needed to cause
abnormal tissue growth
C) tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits
to effect carcinogenesis
,D) the first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation -
CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- each allele must be altered and each person
has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent
osteogenic sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER - -Which of the following cancers
originate from connective tissue?
a. adenocarcinoma
b. multiple myeloma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. osteogenic sarcoma
What is the skin-related health risk induced by some types of chemotherapy?
A) infection
B) ultraviolet damage
C) pain
D) erythema - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- infection
Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER - -Oncogenes are genes
that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary
replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue
toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation
Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations,
sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
,A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: D- medulla oblongata
The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life
threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans:
B- breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely - CORRECT
ANSWER - -How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division
human papillomavirus - CORRECT ANSWER - -The major virus involved in
cervical cancer is
a. human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus
, What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord
injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as
piloerection ans sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
anti-oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER - -umor suppressor genes encode
proteins that in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation. They are
also called
a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a
result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-
immune factors - CORRECT ANSWER - -Ans: A- a CNS demyelination,
possibly from an immunogenetic virus
deep venous thrombosis - CORRECT ANSWER - -What is the usual source of
this condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
